Brand New Model F January 2026 Update: new reviews and customer images, beam spring production updates, new firmware, and more!

When will my order ship? How long do I have to wait before my order ships? Can I still order a new Model F or beam spring keyboard from the current stock and have it arrive soon?

Yes, there is still time now to join in this month on the project and get a keyboard from the current stock, as I have ordered extras. Even if you read this post several months from now, the shipping backlog is typically about a month or two for in stock items, sometimes longer. In other words, everyone has to wait in line for their order to ship; there is no way to have an order ship immediately. In terms of the timeline from here, I cannot estimate the timeline for any specific order, so please do not email me asking for a personalized update on when your order will ship.  You will receive an email with a tracking number once your order is all done. All keyboard models are in stock, except for the Round 2 beam spring keyboards (see below for details). The compact F50, split ergonomic F15, and split ortho are out of stock, though you can still order one of the remaining the NOS IBM classic style F50 keyboards.

Check out the geekhack or DT forum thread for the latest updates (see the About page for the link) including production status. The updates on the forum threads are far more frequent and recent than the periodic updates posted several times per year on this blog page. Just because this post is dated from a while back does not mean there have been no updates!

Please sign the following interest forms if interested and if you have not done so already:

Pad Printed keys interest form:  https://forms.gle/Md7p5oA8zySy6pkG7

2025 Model F Project Interest Form for new designs (see the prior post below for more details):  https://forms.gle/c9cSCCmsDhZk4ZDR6

ISO Black, Industrial SSK Blue, Dark Gray Key Sets, Big Enter Keys, Code Keys Interest Form:  https://forms.gle/cDDypmZii6ihxgDY8

After thousands of original project new Model F’s have shipped, we are down to the last remaining units of these F62/F77 classic and compact boards, so I also recommend getting one of these soon if you want one, before they are gone. Pricing usually goes up as we get closer to the last remaining units of each series; for example the final compact case boards have sold for $600 to $800 instead of as low as $199 now.

As always, feel free to add on some extras to your order by placing a new order and picking free/other shipping at checkout, right before clicking Place Order, so that you don’t have to pay extra shipping charges (it ships with your keyboard order). I recommend getting all of the available extras while they are still available.

All variations are available, if they can be added to the cart. The current discounted pricing is not guaranteed for the future and some keyboards have already started going up in price compared to the earlier discount as those keyboards are running out of stock, so I recommend joining the project this month and not waiting since you may be paying double or your favorite color or layout may no longer be available to order. If you are interested in skipping the line feel free to order the skip the line option mentioned below; otherwise you have to wait with everyone else in line! The project always has an order backlog, so please do not email me asking when your order will ship.

Read the manual fully before touching your keyboard, even if you have experience with these old style keyboards: After your new Model F keyboard arrives, I strongly recommend starting from the beginning of the setup video and the written manual, to minimize the time you need to figure things out. Do not only watch the hour-long setup video, as there have been many changes and other required steps not shown in the video. Since so many keyboards have shipped in a short timespan, there have been a higher-than-usual number of questions from folks, and almost all of the questioners show that they did not read the manual, and the solution to their issue is in the manual. Don’t be one of those people and spend hours more than you need to set things up! A fix for every potential Model F issue is described in the written manual. Part of the manual discusses an issue with transposed keys. The manual has been updated recently. The main thing to fix is removing and reinstalling the affected springs with the proper process described there and also shown in the hour-long setup video. Reports posted on the forums and messages sent to me indicate that this almost always fixes the issue. If that step does not fix the issue, the manual also notes the next steps in the diagnostic process.

The most common questions I get are directly answered in the manual, so I know who hasn’t read the manual at all when I get these questions! “A few keys do not work, my spacebar gets stuck, my shift or enter key is hard to press, how do I flash firmware, how do I adjust key mapping”

Here are all the models that are now being offered

There is still time to order the original project’s F62/F77 and other keyboards, but they are on a “while supplies last” basis.

  • Currently in stock: All F104, FSSK, F122, F62, F77, IBM NOS F50 macro pad (very limited quantity, see below for details)
  • Currently in production and assembly: the Round 2 classic style Beam Spring keyboards (expected to ship from China in Feb. 2026 for the B104 and May 2026 for the B122, B62, and BSSK)
  • Currently out of stock: Model F Split Ortho, Split Ergonomic F15, Ultra Compact F50, Classic Case style Beige F62

REQUEST: please share your photos, reviews, and postings on the Model F and Beam Spring Projects!

Please spend a few minutes to help the project: For those of you who have been using your Brand New Model F and Brand New Beam Spring keyboards, please do post a quick video on YouTube if you don’t mind! How do you like using your keyboard, how does it compare to your other keyboards, how was the setup experience, any recommendations and/or custom modifications, etc. A lot of folks find out about the project through YouTube nowadays. If you post a review please do set the title to something like “Brand New Model F Keyboards by Model F Labs review” or “Brand New Beam Spring Keyboards by Model F Labs review” – and let me know once you post as I want to share the various reviews, postings, and videos. Is there any feedback on the Model F ergo boards from folks who have been using them?

Major project milestone:

In October the keyboard projects passed $4 million in total orders!

Email follow up – is your new Model f or beam spring keyboard not working?

As a reminder, if you fully follow the step-by-step setup manual, you will not be left with a non-working keyboard. Do I need to replace any non-functional parts damaged in shipping, or if something is not working please email me again to follow up if you have had a support request and your keyboard is still not working. I may be waiting on your reply, which you may not have received if it went to the junk folder.

If for any reason your keyboard is not working, please look through the recently updated manual to go through all of the troubleshooting steps. Do not only try to pick the section that you think will be most relevant to whatever your specific issue is. Read the manual from beginning to end again, and do not skip any parts. As a last resort, email me and I can help. Please note that I cannot accept support requests until after you have gone through the manual. I have had a few folks email me questions that indicate they have not followed the manual at all, and I just direct them back to the manual as the first required process before I can step in. When emailing me for support, you’ll need to provide the documentation noted in the manual for that particular issue, such as screenshots of the signal level monitor, photos of the broken parts, and listing exactly which troubleshooting steps you have done.

For those who have received and started using the new F122 keyboards:

Please email me with feedback on how things are going. As always, make sure you’re running the latest firmware (see the below link in the firmware section of this update) which fixes potential issues with key ghosting, etc.

Is the F122’s RP2040-based Leyden Jar controller better able to handle KVM switches, USB hubs, USB extension cables, etc.? I recall that these caused issues for some xwhatsit controller-powered keyboards.

Reviews continue to come in!

The long-awaited Chyrosran22 new F122 keyboard review has just been posted!

My reply is copied below in case you can’t find it among all the comments:

Thanks Thomas for making a great Model F F122 video!  I greatly appreciate what you have done to keep these great old style keyboards alive and to make folks aware of all the various options that are lesser known.  I will try to keep my replies more terse per your advice but it takes far fewer words for some of these commenters to mislead someone with a one-liner than it is for me to offer an explanation.  Your video was incredibly detailed in featuring different aspects of the board and some amount of detail is beneficial in response.

Replacing parts:  I am seeing that some folks in the comments noting that I have not followed up with replacing some of the parts.  Please note that damaged parts will be replaced as part of the limited warranty.  Please email me a reminder so I can follow up on getting out your replacement parts as I am still going through the backlog.  Normally I also cover shipping fees for replacement parts, even for international folks. 

Case material:  The new production cases are all aluminum now, while the original project F62/F77 cases were Zamak 3 Zinc.  Otherwise these keyboards would be even heavier!  The inner assembly plates are steel.

USB Cable:  The USB-C cable is detachable at the controller, if you open up the keyboard you can replace the cable with your own cable, or even with a short extension cable so that you can detach the cable externally.  For my future models (ortholinear, split, 5×12, Kinesis style, etc.) since they will be compact case style, they should have externally detachable cables.

The pinging/ringing sound:  you noted that the original F produces less of a ringing sound.  I have noted that many Model F boards vary in their pinginess.  I have found the earlier Model F keyboards to produce more ringing (IBM XT, and the original 4704 boards like F62/F77) while the later ones produce less ringing (AT, the later production F122’s such as your two-piece version).  My reproductions were designed around the 62/77 so they will make more sound.

Regarding criticism: some folks may think that companies must always deferentially accept criticism and that otherwise they are in the wrong.  I feel I have a right to respond, and I don’t have to accept the criticism as valid and apologize for customer service that does not meet expectations that are not in line with the project philosophy, which emphasizes empowering users to set up and maintain their keyboards and accept small but noticeable cosmetic defects (more details can be found on the project site).  Companies can do this if the manufacturing cost is many times less than the sales price or those that have enormous markups.  In summary I can’t sell these keyboards at as low a price as they are currently without having users learn how to replace springs, reseat keycaps, etc. instead of having to take back the entire keyboard for repairs.  My goal is to get as many of these keyboards out into the world and that limits my ability to raise prices to pay for repair technicians, customer service reps, etc.  I’d rather have 0.5% of orders having complaints than having 50% fewer folks being able to afford it if pricing is increased for everyone to make the 0.5% happy with extra “free” services.

Limited warranty:  I would agree that it would not be economical if the keyboards cost double but everything is taken care of, no questions asked, like those complete warranties offered by big companies.  I am looking for folks who prefer the former, and not the latter.  I ask that folks review the manual to fix things themselves, and go to me as a last resort, where I will usually replace what is non-functional for free.

Once again thanks for putting all of this together!

Chyrosran22 has posted the new F122 unboxing video:

Chyrosran22 has posted the new F122 review trailer:

Here we have a great review over on reddit of the Ultra Compact FSSK!

My comment: Thanks for your thoughtful review alifen! And for sharing a nice custom photo! It creatively addresses adding other color keycaps with the limitations of the pebble ISO color scheme (the stepped ISO Enter key comes from Unicomp, which doesn’t offer any other colors that match the colors offered by the new Model F keyboard project).

New Model F Customer Images: (please send me some photos of your setup so I can share!)

With permission I am posting a nice new production F122 setup with a CRT monitor. I had one of those old Dell CRT’s back in the day! I don’t recall the specific model but we got it in 1997 or 1998 I believe.

With permission I am posting some interesting photos:

First, here is a customized New F122 with third party extras: an IBM badge and LED overlay.

And here is a very rare IBM Selectric I typewriter repair log / service transcript. A true testament to the repairability of built to last IBM products.

With permission here are photos of another nice F122 setup that combines two different-color key sets as well as the HHKB style split right shift and split backspace layout.

I like how these days the old style keyboards are bigger and heavier than the entire computers they are used with!

With permission I am posting some nice photos of the FSSK at home with a family of original IBM keyboards, including a Model F Unsaver! I like the placement of the Model F badge on the FSSK. Reminds me of the raised badge on the IBM 4704 promotional prototype photos posted a while back.

With permission I am sharing a custom “all pads” layout with the custom 3×5 cut out mod. These mods were first suggested by this user, who is nicknaming this version the F138; now several others have ordered this mod for their F122 (you don’t have to use all pads with the 3×5 cut out mod – you can have a regular ANSI/ISO/split shift layout just with 5 keys added above your cursor keys). I still have some cut out cases but they are only available in certain colors (beige and others, no more black cut out cases). Please email me if interested in ordering one.

With this layout, every available pad is used for a key. Each key can be configured in Vial as there is a working pad for each one.

Beam Spring Round 2 Production Update:

The factory expects to complete all or almost all B104 before the Chinese New Year (mid-Feb.). Before they leave they will load what they have completed onto a container shipment, so the B104’s can start going out to everyone in early April if all goes well. It is going to take more time but they are aware of the high quality requirements and have been inspecting each keyboard for cosmetic defects, and discarding or repairing cases that do not meet the requirements.

The inner assembly plates were previously completed for all B104. Just the cases and final assembly are remaining. About 100 B104 keyboards were fully assembled as noted before, and an additional 100+ completed inner assemblies are waiting to be dropped into the cases when the next batch of cases are done. These 200 B104 inner assemblies were completed in August, and since then they have been working on the other inner assembly plates and the cases. You can see an earlier batch of completed B104 cases in the mini factory tour video in a recent post. Their production process is to slowly complete a smaller batch of 100 first and work out any issues. That process is done and now they moved to full speed production and assembly for the remaining boards.

After they return in March, they will start working on the B122 cases. After that, they plan to work on the B62 and BSSK cases; both B62 and BSSK are confirmed ready to proceed and they are making one more B122 pre-production sample to make sure all the tooling is correctly set up and the pieces are properly positioned after assembly. And while they work on the cases, other workers are finishing up all the top and bottom inner assembly plates which need to be laser cut, bent to shape (top inner assemblies only of course, since the bottoms are just flat plates), and plated (bottom) or powdercoated (top).

The other keyboard parts were all completed (modules, PCBs, controllers, keycaps, etc.) so they just need to work on the cases and plates and then finish up assembly. Based on the current rate of progress, they expect to complete the remaining 3 keyboard models in the two months after they return from break. Their main bottlenecks are the laser cutting machines (they can only cut one per machine at one time) and the custom-tooled case bending machine (only one case can be bent at a time); see prior videos to see the Model F laser cutting (similar process) and beam spring case bending.

Now that all of the issues have been worked out, they are finally able to concentrate on finishing production and assembly. I appreciate everyone’s patience with bringing these keyboards to life once again. The Model F reproduction boards similarly took about three years to start going out, but production and assembly are now going at full speed and some of the B104 boards have already been completed. Crowdfunded projects often take longer to ship than stocked products, or products for which the tooling has already been completed, since the tooling needs to be made all again. For the round 2 boards, the tooling and injection molds had to be made again (see the update postings on the project website for the full details). That was successfully completed just this year, with the case tooling only ready to go late this year.

As always, if you want to get your keyboard as quickly as possible and help cover the project cost overruns, there is still time to skip the line of hundreds of keyboards through the custom/low serial product add-on.

The first photo below shows part of the quality control inspection process. After assembly of the inner assembly, each key is tested with the signal level monitor tester of the Leyden Jar or xwhatsit utility and modules are identified for repair/replacement. The factory has also finalized the boxes and outside foam, now that we are getting close to finishing up. The design is back to the double-walled box design of the earlier rounds. Below is the B104 prototype box that was approved in August.

Some examples of items that needed reconfirming or correcting over the past six months, just as an example of the many small details that are updated behind the scenes to make things as good as possible:

  • The countersinking on the bottom cases (everything countersunk except the 4 holes for threaded bumpers).
  • The bottom case height was about 1-2mm too different from the bottom case (they need to add some spacers inside so that it is close to flush, and adjust the tooling as production continues).
  • They also need to be careful with the alignment of the keys around the border, especially since the metal parts are not made with die casting (sometimes the drilling is not precise enough and stuff has to be redone).
  • Tracking inventory for the end of the year update (some inventory is lost or discovered to be damaged – for example PCBs and beam spring plastic parts).

As production and assembly continue, in November we saw some new production images from the factory. Here are the first photos of the beige and light blue production beam spring keyboards (they are the same color mixes and powdercoating as the Model M style case Model F keyboards).

New project video: Brand New Beam Spring Keyboards factory tour – powdercoating process

Just a quick walk around the factory’s powdercoating area. This video shows some of the B104 cases that are drying after being powdercoated. While the laser/bending process to make the cases saves a huge amount of cost instead of making an injection mold (only some custom tooling is needed, as seen in the video posted some time ago), it is a far slower process than die casting as all the parts of the case need to be bent and welded together one at a time. There is always a tradeoff between time and cost, if we keep quality as a constant. These boards are already expensive so adding extra cost would reduce the number of folks who would be able to get one of these great old style boards.

In June we saw some more production photos, this time of the powdercoating process of the top inner assemblies and the completed bottom inner assemblies.

Pad Printed and Dye Sublimated Keycaps:

Based on feedback with a focus on durability instead of authenticity to original standards, these keycaps will be using the highest quality abrasion-resistant inks offered by a major manufacturer, as well as a protective coating on top of each legend, with a slight margin of safety. The original IBM M13 boards were known to wear more quickly as they had no protective coating. While this reduces originality it should greatly increase durability.

I will be proceeding with the pad printed Model F PBT keycap project. Due to poor quality I had to switch factories. Below is the new factory sample. This company is one of the largest keyboard manufacturers in the world.

Please disregard the lack of alignment for these test prints; the production keys will have normal alignment.

After the other pad print supplier failed to produce keycaps that met my requirements, I changed to another factory earlier this year. They have been in business for a couple decades and focus on computer peripherals.

A reminder to sign the Google form (link below) to reserve a pad printed key set. The first batch of about 250-300 will be white text on black keys, US key sets only, no front printing. Additional sets will proceed based on demand.

https://forms.gle/moBjiL2uPUGTosWZ6

To protect the pad printing which is less durable than sublimation printing by design, these keycaps will be packaged both before and after the pad print process in custom blister packaging. The first sample blister pack is below (apologies for the low quality image). These should be available to order separately in the future, to store other Model F keycap sets. Note: by design, the blister packs do not hold a spacebar, and they contain additional spaces for keycaps, more than what would fill a regular board.

Below is a photo from the first batch of combined Apple/Mac Text and Icon keys, which are now in stock and available to order.

Apologies that both photos are slightly out of focus for parts of the image.

And with permission I am sharing a nice image of the Quebec CSA key set:

3D Printed Parts Update – now available to order:

https://www.modelfkeyboards.com/product/3d-printed-parts

On the above product page, everyone can now get Model F – related 3d printed parts from the shop, including 3d printed solenoid driver and solenoid holders, flip out feet, and original Model F feet. If any others should be added to the page, please email me.

Solenoid Driver and Solenoid Holder Example 1
Solenoid Driver and Solenoid Holder Example 2
Solenoid Driver and Solenoid Holder Example 3
Spacebar adapter (set of 2)
PC XT Replacement Foot
Riser Stand for Classic Style F104/FSSK
Flip Out Feet Example 1 (set of two)
Flip Out Feet Example 2 (set of two)

Any other ideas for 3d printed parts?

Has anyone come up with additional Model F 3d printed mods? I have looked around the various 3d parts sites.

I have purchased a 3d printer to help with prototyping as well as to offer 3d printed items to those who do not have their own 3d printer – items like 3d printed solenoid holders and feet.

Maybe even some flip-out feet like the IBM F122 and XT/AT feet that could be attached by bolts to the holes in the bottom of the cases.

I wanted to share a terrific 3d printed solenoid and solenoid driver holder project from f4pv:

https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:7076392

This allows for secure mounting of both the solenoid driver and solenoid inside the F62 and F77 keyboards, as well as being an external solenoid holder for the compact case F62 and F77 keyboards.

Here’s a nice article on the 40th anniversary of the Model M keyboard this year: https://www.pcgamer.com/hardware/gaming-keyboards/the-keyboard-that-all-other-keyboards-copied-turns-40-this-year-heres-how-the-ibm-model-ms-legacy-lives-on-today/

Leyden Jar Controller Firmware Update

In November, Rico published the latest firmware update for all Leyden-Jar based keyboards.  It allows more space to store macros compared to the Vial default and all firmware files can now split and unsplit keys (no need to reflash the allpads firmware).

https://github.com/mymakercorner/vial-qmk/releases

This firmware fixes a bug where the keyboard needed to be unplugged and plugged back in to work after certain computers resumed from sleep mode. It also fixes an issue where splitting certain keys in the allpads version was not saved after the keyboard is power cycled.

Everyone feel free to test this latest version and let me know if there are any other issues.

pandrew utility update, additional source code location

Everyone please check out GH forum member ploxiln’s updated Linux and Mac pandrew utilities as well as other updates here, and let us know your feedback:

“Hi Ellipse, I’ve been working on building the xwhatsit/wcass firmware an util for all platforms, and my own scripts for building and flashing, etc. It’s not really better than NathanA’s r5 release build, as far as I know, but the purpose is more to confirm that my scripts can do it all “from scratch”. These scripts are in the repo: build_vial_xwhatsit_all.sh, flash-util/, keyboards/xwhatsit/util/.sh You can see the resulting builds of all this at https://github.com/ploxiln/vial-qmk/releases/tag/newfxx_r5c

Something new included there is a Linux AppImage build of pandrew-util. (There’s also a Windows exe and macOS app, but built for the newer cpu archs compared to NathanA’s builds, see release description). I took the liberty of using your favicon from modelfkeyboards.com and scaling/adapting it “quick and dirty” for pandrew-util, I hope that’s OK.

See also the updated repo README starting around here: https://github.com/ploxiln/vial-qmk?tab=readme-ov-file#build-vial-firmware

Regarding syncing both the leyden_jar and xwhatsit github repos / branches … it would probably have been simplest to “fork” from both my repo and rico’s repo, but you mentioned you can’t do that because both forks are in the “vial-kb/vial-qmk” “network” and you can only have one fork related to that network in your github account. I could theoretically unlink my repo from upstream “vial-kb/vial-qmk” but actually that function is disabled because my repo “already has child forks”. Hmm. I think maybe the cleanest thing to do is just fork from the more-upstream “vial-kb/vial-qmk”, and then use git locally (or some git gui) to periodically sync the branches from rico and I, if there are changes. If someone else effectively takes over from me (or NathanA comes back), it would be simpler to switch to pulling a branch from them at that point.”

Bluetooth wireless Model F update:

Is anyone interested in making their Model F wireless?

I recently saw a post on this, for the Model M: https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?t=29368

Maybe it can be an update or add-on PCB to Rico’s Leyden Jar controller or the xwhatsit controller, or a new controller entirely (less convenient as it would require everyone to desolder their current controller).

The Leyden Jar RP2040-based controller does accept power and signal on its header extension, so something like the Supermini NRF52840 used for the above project may be able to work with a battery. Ideally, if a PCB is needed it could be designed to be manufacturable by JLCPCB. If it is powered off the header extension, it might also be helpful to have an extension header on the add-on PCB for a solenoid driver and solenoid (though the battery won’t last as long). The Leyden Jar currently allows one controller to communicate with and power another: https://github.com/mymakercorner/Leyden_Jar

And here is the latest update from someone who got Bluetooth working with their new Model F keyboard, which uses Rico’s RP2040-based Leyden Jar controller:

“I was able to get this https://www.amazon.com/Ruitutedianzi-Bluetooth-Converter-Keyboard-Wireless/dp/B0DP6WTZY4/ Bluetooth adapter to work on this Leyden Jar board, whereas my xwhatsit based restored IBM F122 does not register any keypresses with it. The Handheld Scientific BT-500 does not work with either controller, but does at least register double keypresses with the Leyden Jar. I don’t have their updated BT-600 to test with. According to my in-line USB meter, the BT adapter and keyboard idles at 26mA (with all LEDs on, each consuming ~1mA). With the solenoid at factory settings, I’ve seen it peak at 189mA – but the ~1s sampling rate makes this a very rough estimate.

Using an average 2000mAh 18650 Li-ion cell, I would guess we’d get ~76 hours (or as little as 10 with the solenoid and constant firing).” In other words, one month of battery life with a 20000mah battery.

There are other projects not specific to the Model F that may work but are currently not tested with the Model F:

https://handheldsci.com/kb/
https://sterling-key.com/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEMyae7b74I
https://www.wscome.com/product/wired-keyboard-converted-to-wireless-keyboard-diy-kit/
https://www.wscome.com/product/convert-a-wired-keyboard-to-wireless-keyboard-wbt-v2-wbt2-v4/
https://git.kkozai.com/kenji/pico_ble_hid/

My guess is that the Model F would require a much larger battery to be able to run for several weeks (15000mah?). Maybe one of those Lithium iron phosphate batteries of that size could be used.

Update on USB keyboards output to PS/2, AT, and XT signal:

I have received a small number of requests on this topic. This open source project (also available for purchase pre-built at the second link below) notes that it converts any modern USB keyboard to work with PS/2 input on a computer, as well as the XT and AT protocols for original IBM computers:

https://github.com/rasteri/HIDman

https://retrohackshack.com/product/hidman-usb-keyboard-converter/

Project bolt/screw specifications:

Yes, all of the bolts for this project are 6-32 (classic cases and the two controller ground screws for all keyboards), T8 (compact cases), M3 (2 solenoid screws), and 8-32 thread (medium threaded bumpers). The 6-32 bolts use a T8 size or Philips driver.

July 2025 Container shipment update:

The 7th container shipment for this project (with the second and final batch of F122 keyboards) departed in June 2025 and arrived to me in August. After each container ship arrives, I work on organizing and preparing the remaining shipments, starting with the low serials.

Since I am mailing out so many orders, this will take months for me to mail these remaining orders. As always there is still time to upgrade your order to the low serial skip the line through that low serial store item. The F122’s have proven even more popular than the FSSK’s, so if you are looking to get one I strongly recommend getting it soon while stock still remains.

After this shipment, the only things we are waiting on will be the Round 2 beam spring keyboards.

Major project milestone:

In November, the keyboard projects passed 7,000 shipped keyboards! Shipping started in late 2019.

We still have the normal backlog of recent orders as well as the round 2 beam spring keyboards, which are currently in production and expected to go out over the coming months (more details on the beam spring thread).

Orders (with and without keyboards) have gone to 71 countries in total (per ISO 3166):

Argentina
Australia
Austria
Bahrain
Belgium
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile
China
Colombia
Croatia
Curaçao
Cyprus
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Faroe Islands (the)
Finland
France
Germany
Gibraltar
Greece
Guam
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Kazakhstan
Korea (the Republic of)
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao
Malaysia
Mauritius
Mexico
Netherlands (the)
New Zealand
Norway
Oman
Peru
Philippines (the)
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Republic of North Macedonia
Romania
Russian Federation (the)
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan (Province of China)
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates (the)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the)
United States of America (the)
Viet Nam

Comments on the powdercoating and setup process:

The first round boards (classic style F62/F77) did have a more authentic and less durable powdercoating finish, which was changed years ago but some stock remains of these older boards so those who have such a board are the only ones posting the same note about the powdercoating. The new boards (2021 onwards – compact F62/F77, F104/SSK/122, round 1 beam) have had no complaints about paint wear as the formulation changed, and these boards have been out for years. In other words, if you can’t accept old style powdercoating, you can choose any other board besides the classic F62/77 and the issue with wear will not be present.

The setup process does involve following the step by step guides to adjust the keyboard, as adjustments are specifically noted as being a part of the normal setup process. Having to make adjustments during setup is not a failure of QC, as these boards are treated heavily by the shipping companies and springs and such may fall out of place and spacebar wires may need adjustment. Due to these keyboards being a far higher weight, they are subject to far higher g forces in shipping than most lightweight 1-2 pound boards, as pointed out by a YouTube commenter. My earlier postings and the project web site blog post updates explain the reasoning behind requiring users to learn how to maintain a Model F keyboard hopefully for the rest of their lives, instead of selling a product that arrives ready to plug in and start using but doesn’t last more than a couple years. The alternative (including staff for support, etc.) would make these already-pricy boards cost even more.

Brand New Model F June 2025 Update: user reviews and photos, F122 and beam spring production, new design plans (Split Ortho, Planck, Preonic, F20, Kinesis, etc.), reorganized manual, updated firmware

When will my order ship? How long do I have to wait before my order ships? Can I still order a new Model F or beam spring keyboard from the current stock and have it arrive soon?

Yes, there is still time now to join in this month on the project and get a keyboard from the current stock, as I have ordered extras. The shipping backlog is typically about a month or two for in stock items, sometimes longer. In other words, everyone has to wait in line for their order to ship; there is no way to have an order ship immediately. In terms of the timeline from here, I cannot estimate the timeline for any specific order, so please do not email me asking for a personalized update on when your order will ship.  You will receive an email with a tracking number once your order is all done. All keyboard models are in stock, except for the second batch of F122 and all of the Round 2 beam spring keyboards (see below for details). The compact F50 and split ortho are out of stock with no current plans to make more, though you can still order one of the remaining the NOS IBM classic style F50 keyboards.

As always, please see the geekhack or DT forum thread for the latest updates (see the About page for the link) including production status. The updates on the forum threads are far more frequent and recent than the periodic updates posted several times per year on this blog page. Just because this post is dated from a while back does not mean there have been no updates!

All variations are available. The current discounted pricing is not guaranteed for the future and some keyboards have already started going up in price compared to the earlier discount as those keyboards are running out of stock, so I recommend joining the project this month and not waiting since you may be paying double or your favorite color or layout may no longer be available to order. If you are interested in skipping the line feel free to order the skip the line option mentioned below; otherwise you have to wait with everyone else in line! The project always has an order backlog, so please do not email me asking when your order will ship.

Read the manual fully before touching your keyboard, even if you have experience with these old style keyboards: After your new Model F keyboard arrives, I strongly recommend starting from the beginning of the setup video and the written manual, to minimize the time you need to figure things out. Do not only watch the hour-long setup video, as there have been many changes and other required steps not shown in the video. Since so many keyboards have shipped in a short timespan, there have been a higher-than-usual number of questions from folks, and almost all of the questioners show that they did not read the manual, and the solution to their issue is in the manual. Don’t be one of those people and spend hours more than you need to set things up! A fix for every potential Model F issue is described in the written manual. Part of the manual discusses an issue with transposed keys. The manual has been updated recently. The main thing to fix is removing and reinstalling the affected springs with the proper process described there and also shown in the hour-long setup video. Reports posted on the forums and messages sent to me indicate that this almost always fixes the issue. If that step does not fix the issue, the manual also notes the next steps in the diagnostic process.

The most common questions I get are directly answered in the manual, so I know who hasn’t read the manual at all when I get these questions! “A few keys do not work, my spacebar gets stuck, my shift or enter key is hard to press, how do I flash firmware, how do I adjust key mapping”

Here are all the models that are now being offered

There is still time to order the original project’s F62/F77 and other keyboards, but they are on a “while supplies last” basis.

  • Currently in stock: All F104 and FSSK, F122 first batch, All F62 and F77, F15 Split Ergonomic, IBM NOS F50 macro pad (very limited quantity, see below for details)
  • Currently completed and at the factory, waiting to be shipped: F122 second batch (expected shipping later this year)
  • Currently in production and assembly: the Round 2 classic style Beam Spring keyboards (expected to ship from China at the end of July or early August 2025)
  • Currently out of stock: Model F Split Ortho, Ultra Compact F50, Classic Case style Beige F62

REQUEST: this week please share your photos, reviews, and postings on the Model F and Beam Spring Projects!

Please spend a few minutes this week to help the project: For those of you who have been using your Brand New Model F and Brand New Beam Spring keyboards, please do post a quick video on YouTube if you don’t mind! How do you like using your keyboard, how does it compare to your other keyboards, how was the setup experience, any recommendations and/or custom modifications, etc. A lot of folks find out about the project through YouTube nowadays. If you post a review please do set the title to something like “Brand New Model F Keyboards by Model F Labs review” or “Brand New Beam Spring Keyboards by Model F Labs review” – and let me know once you post as I want to share the various reviews, postings, and videos. Is there any feedback on the Model F ergo boards from folks who have been using them?

Current updates: This update post covers updates from the first half of 2025

Reviews continue to come in!

Wendell from Level1Techs has just posted a video on the Brand New Model M Style FSSK!

Here was the video comment I posted:
Thanks Wendell for a great video on the Brand New Model F keyboard! I especially liked your explanation of the solenoid and what it does. A number of folks have told me that they didn’t really understand what the solenoid did for these old style keyboards and why it was such a popular add on. At a recent keyboard meetup I had the keyboard with installed solenoid connected to my laptop so that folks could see the solenoid in action as they tested the new reproduction keyboards – there was a lot of attention on the solenoid specifically!

Here we have a great video review of the new Model M style F104 keyboard from YouTube channel Tech Bytes!

My comments on the video are below:

I like that you focused on a comparison with the Model M, which I think will be most helpful for folks who come across your review and who may have heard about the M but have not heard about its predecessor, the Model F.

Regarding the label, the labels were designed to reproduce the original Model F 4704 which had the same silver label style. I agree that I do like the larger Model F and Model M labels with the plastic laminate overlay. I have thought about changing it to the better style label.

Regarding keycaps, most IBM Model F originals had one-piece keys, though some had two piece keys. The opposite was the case with Model M keyboards: most have two piece keys, though a few came with one piece keys. That is a great observation about the extra movement with two piece keys compared to one-piece keys.

A terrific in-depth review of the new Model M style Model F keyboards

https://nerdlypleasures.blogspot.com/20 … style.html

I like how everything is explained so well. You really do need an extended length article to explain things sufficiently, which has been done well in this article. I think this article could serve as an excellent reference for those who are new to the keyboard hobby as well as those who have some experience with buckling springs.

My feedback to the author is copied below:

F62 and F77 keyboards started shipping in 2019, not 2021.

Some Model F’s used two piece keys like some of the F122’s other than 6110344, while some Model M’s used once piece keys such as some of the terminal models like my 1392980 terminal SSK. Generally your point is accurate about one piece being more common for F and two piece being more common for M.

This note is only correct for the XT and AT style Model F keyboards with the extra long spacebars; the rest do not use that huge spacebar that requires taking apart the plates: “Cleaning Model Fs is a time-consuming process. You can remove every key except the spacebar, which has stabilizers that are connected underneath the top steel plate. To remove the spacebar, you must separate the two steel plates. Every barrel and spring/hammer combination will have to be set properly when the plates are put back together. People have broken the stabilizer retention clips on the spacebar by trying to remove it without removing the stabilizer wire beforehand.”

We have a great and helpful new Model F keyboard review below

This is a great video to help folks make a decision if they are considering various keyboards and why the Model F is so special and unique. It also explains the difference between QMK and Vial, and how powerful and easy to use the software customizations are for these Vial-powered Model F keyboards.

The review also discusses the pros and cons of the new Model F keyboards, and an analysis of the pricing and value compared to other offerings on the market.

The Silver Gray powdercoated classic style F62 keyboard was delivered to this user more than 2.5 years ago so you can also see how the paint has held up with little to no wear.

My video comment continues below:

You have a good way of explaining the different sounds that the keyboard makes, differentiating between the sound of the flipper contacting the large capacitive PCB when a key is pressed, the vibration of the spring after the key is released, and the less-desirable buzzing of a spring against the keycap, which can be quickly fixed as you mentioned.

Just a note – the F62 and F77 boards usually come with QMK but can be flashed to Vial, but you can now add an order note for me to flash the board to Vial for you, before it ships to you. No boards shipped with Via firmware, though it was offered for a short time as an alternative firmware. Flashing the keyboard to Vial allows everyone to adjust the keymapping and other settings without needing to reflash the firmware.

And so as not to scare anyone, the part of the video about pressing the f key as a shift is due to a custom mod of the keyboard, not the factory default behavior. The keyboard does not ship this way; the keyboard ships with normal keys without mods so that hitting the f key sends the f signal to the keyboard as with any other key.

With permission I am posting a nice review and photos of the classic style F104 keyboard from March 2025

“First of all, I cannot thank you enough for the time and effort you’ve put into designing and developing the Classic Style Model F keyboards. It’s truly a blessing for IBM and keyboard enthusiasts alike.

Here’s my experience with the Classic Style F104 Model F Keyboard after using it for a few months:

I’ve been a long-time IBM Model M enthusiast, user, and screw-and-bolt modder, so I have a deep appreciation for these keyboards. When I first tried the Classic Style F104 Model F Keyboard, it was an entirely new experience, unlike anything I had encountered before. The keystroke, touch, feel, and overall typing experience completely blew me away. This keyboard is on another level, and I never realized just how incredible the Model F typing feel truly is. The metal case is the icing on the cake, it’s like a dream come true. Once again, I can’t thank you enough for making this possible.

I also decided to keep my original Model M keycaps, as I prefer the smoother feel over the newer, rougher texture. The solenoid was successfully installed, but despite the detailed instructions, I couldn’t find an option to control the power/intensity. Ideally, I’d like a slightly softer solenoid actuation. If there’s a way to adjust this, I’d love some guidance.

Your hard work is truly appreciated. I am very pleased with the product.

P.S. I also bought a third-party silver label, I think it’s a nice touch!

Best regards”

A review from Deskthority forum member tinydarkness

“First time posting on here, so forgive me if I don’t quite get the formatting right. I got my brand new F122 recently, and here’s some pictures of it fully set up! Going through the manual Ellipse wrote took a couple of days but everything was very clearly explained and well written. I’ve used a lot of keyboards in my life including several I’ve built on my own, and this is the best keyboard that I’ve ever used. I just can’t get over how amazing it sounds.”

Please see the review and photos of the completed keyboard: https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=524414#p524414

A quick review from Deskthority forum member acfrazier

“Got mine today and set it up/flashed the updated firmware. This was worth the 2 year wait, imo. So far, no issues.”

Please see the review and photos of the completed keyboard: https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=524428#p524428

A detailed review from Deskthority forum member ClickNClack

Posting (with permission) photos of another nice F122 setup, customized with keys from various key groups on the Extra Keys store page. https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=524473#p524473

This one features one of those third party IBM new production badges (I believe from eBay) that I do not offer. The spot on the keyboard is designed to fit the IBM F122 style badges (the PC AT badges won’t fit since they are bigger).

For reference, the review has been copied here: “I just wanted to provide a quick review.

I have been using PCs since the early 90s, got started on old IBM AT/XT stuff I found cheap at garage sales and such, loved systems from the 80s. 20 years in IT doing everything from programming to networks to sysadmin to cybersecurity. Run my own business now.

About a year ago I decided to look into mechanical keyboards after years of using whatever was sitting around and discovered there were buckling spring keyboards available. I had many fond memories of these growing up on my early collection of PCs. Ordered an F122 and a couple Unicomps new Model Ms about a year ago to use for work and hobby. The Unicomps were a big improvement over the cheap junk I had been using, but I was very surprised how much better this F122 is than the Unicomps. Have been using the Unicomps for a year, just got my F122 today.

The setup is going to take you some time, but I was able to get mine from in the box to assembled, tested and mapped with Vial within a few hours. Had to replace a spring on the 10 key + with a spare I had in the repair kit I ordered with the unit, also had to do the spring reseat on F8.

The feel of this keyboard is amazing. I was not expecting there to be such a jump from the Unicomp to these. Less torque required for each keystroke by what feels like 10-20% at least and the action is so smooth. The sound is very different, higher pitch with more of a ping than the Unicomps/Model M. The keyboards I remember getting started on so many years ago were loud and so that does not bother me, I like it. Been happy with the Unicomps but this Model F is just a whole different experience and quite a bit nicer to type on. Also Vial is awesome, and with the macros feature you can do pretty much anything you want with these.

This project is quite an accomplishment. I’ve done custom hardware and software with commercial sales and I know that is hard to get right, and honestly the fact that I can go order a new condition Model F of any sort in the 2020s is a little crazy. I know from following posts here there have been teething issues to work through but this is a Herculean effort on the part of Ellipse to be able to deliver the product I am typing this on. Well done.”

F122 various (1).png
F122 various (2).png

“I’m so mad at Ellipse”

Thanks to Deskthority forum member robo for sharing a personal journey back to the Model F

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?t=31000

I always like hearing these kinds of stories about how folks use these keyboards. Some people tell me they prefer to rotate around different types of keyboards, and many folks do only notice a big improvement when they compare something new with what they currently have. This is also applicable for other hobby areas like audiophile equipment, custom built computers, cameras, sports cars, etc.

I do agree that for folks who have not tried the Model F, when they switch to something else temporarily, they notice what is missing or different!

Project milestone

Last month the 6,500th keyboard shipped, for the new Model F and Beam Spring keyboard projects! Who would have known that we would reach that when the project started and I was getting quotes to make 50 F62 and 50 F77 keyboards!

F122 update

F122 keyboards started shipping in April, after departing the factory and being loaded onto the shipping container in January. See the note in this section about how everyone should be checking the manual and updating their F122 firmware.

As noted on the forum updates, not all variations shipped in the first container shipment, so if you are still waiting and ordered more than a few months ago, your keyboard is likely part of the second of two F122 batches. Please do not email me to confirm this. The rest of the F122’s should go out in the next container shipment later this year. 210 F122 keyboards have arrived and the balance of 190 boards will be part of the second half.

These are the first keyboards ever to ship with Rico’s new Leyden Jar controller! As of now more than 130 F122 keyboards have shipped and all is well.

If you are not picky with the case colors, please order a color other than Off-White/Beige or Industrial Gray. Those colors were more popular than expected and I want to make sure some are still available in the future for those who are not flexible.

On 1/20/25 the pallets were picked up by the freight forwarder and were getting ready to be loaded into the shipping container. Since this shipment was only a few pallets the shipping container is being shared with other shipments (known as LCL or less than container load).

These F122’s are shipping with the upgraded extra thick double walled Regular Slotted Container cardboard boxes which also arrived in this container shipment.

As a reminder, please do not email me asking which batch your F122 is in or where you are in the queue as I am unable to provide specifics as to where each order is in the queue or which container shipment each order is on for everyone. My focus now is to work on continuing to move through the backlog. The next update for your F122 order will be a shipping confirmation email with the tracking number. 

2025 01 container shipment.jpg

The below writing referred to the status at the start of the F122 shipping in late April. All is well now and over 130 keyboards are now out all around the world. The initial batch did have a firmware bug; I emailed everyone affected to update their firmware. Since then the firmware has had several updates; I recommend checking the manual every now and then to make sure you have the latest firmware. For example, one firmware update made the function layers match those of the xwhatsit-based keyboards.

I have been working on the first batch of F122 orders, with priority towards the low/custom serials (it is still OK to add a custom/low serial upgrade to your F122). I want to make sure everything is good so as to avoid the need for folks to do a firmware update. This process only started near the end of April; it did not start as soon as the keyboards arrived in March. The goal was to get out that shipment out of China as quickly as possible (even if I was not ready to ship them soon after they were expected to arrive), and the shipment ended up leaving the port only days before the first tariffs went into effect.

As always for each board I do the final QC, including making sure each key pad registers in the signal level monitor. In addition to creating the entire Leyden Jar controller hardware, firmware, and diagnostic utility (!), Rico has been very helpful in fine-tuning the firmware for the production units. Extra attention needs to be paid to the calibration bins and the threshold offset values, so I’ve been trying various firmwares that vary these settings so I can put the best one on the boards.

The factory had to remake a small number of individual parts that were damaged or defective – I’ve asked them to make extras for future orders so that we won’t have to wait to remake parts to complete a current order. I won’t be confirming everyone’s order to see which batch they are in as my focus is to get these orders out as quickly as possible. The low serial upgrades are definitely appreciated to help cover project cost overruns, but it doesn’t mean your board is prioritized during factory production; it means that your board is prioritized for shipping once it is in stock. The factory makes these keyboards by variation number, doing all boards of a particular variation at one time; they did not do 50% of each variation or prioritize making just the keyboards that were already ordered as that is not a feasible production process. Currently there are several hundred variations of the Model F keyboards that the factory has made.

It’s always slower for a new product as I physically set up and test a sample of the first keyboards going out, with different variations (this does not mean that all the single digit serials get set up, for example). This is a slow process. I do a good amount of testing to measure the signal output of each key, as well as doing typing tests. I am definitely taking my time with extra caution for the F122’s since this is the very first Leyden Jar RP2040 powered keyboards.

Beam Spring Round 2 project update: expected delivery to me in September or early October 2025

Production and assembly continue at full speed. Almost all of the several hundred thousand parts have been completed; we are just waiting on the cases, inner assembly plates, and a small number of modules to be completed. The factory is finishing up production of the B104 this month (June 2025), with assembly finishing up later this month. They are going to check that everything is good with the B104, and then they will make the remaining 3 models, with assembly finishing up around the end of July or early August, assuming no issues that require remaking parts. They don’t want to make a mistake and have to throw out all the costly aluminum sheets used to make these parts.

That would mean that the keyboards will be shipping from the factory all at the same time in August (not split in two shipments). An early August shipment would mean that the keyboards would arrive to me around the end of September or early October.

Several weeks ago, the factory completed the lasering and bending of the B104 top and bottom inner assembly plates (shown below); the next step is the coatings to finish these parts.

After they are coated they expect to start assembly, as early as the next week or so. During the time of assembly they will be making the cases, which is a quick process now that they have all of the laser and bending settings worked out. This is done to optimize warehouse space (another reason they order the boxes and protective foam as late as possible before shipping).

As I mentioned before, after the B104, they will work on the remaining 3 keyboard types (B62/BSSK/B122) and hope to finish up as planned.

It is great to finally see the beam spring keyboards coming together!

2025-06-04 B104 TIA production units ready for finishing (1).jpg
2025-06-04 B104 TIA production units ready for finishing (2).jpg
2025-06-04 B104 TIA production units ready for finishing (3).jpg
2025-06-04 B104 TIA production units ready for finishing.png

Here are the first professional style photos of the Round 2 classic style beam spring keyboards and F122 keyboard:

To see the high res photos, please go to the bottom of the post of all the newer F and Beam models: https://imgur.com/a/brand-new-model-f-beam-spring-keyboards-new-models-EIebi75

The photos show each available layout with the factory keys: ANSI, ISO, Split Shift and 2U Backspace, and Split Shift and Split Backspace. Only the pictured layouts are available for each keyboard size; see each product page for details.

Here is one photo of each available layout. The keyboards are shown in the dark blue case color, but various colors will be available, matching the Model F case color offerings.

At the beginning of March, the factory reported that they completed another 20,000 modules in the past few weeks, bringing the total to 100,000 out of the ~160,000 for the current production batch, but they still needed to finish the case and the top/bottom inner assembly plates.

We have not had a factory video post in a while. This above video shows how the factory adjusts the torque of each bolt for the beam spring keyboard inner assembly. The tool they are using is a torque screwdriver, which allows you to specify the torque and it will let you know if the torque is too high and if the screws are too tight. The purpose of this process is to optimize how tightly the bottom and top inner assemblies are attached to each other. In our research over the past few years to get these keyboards to be in line with IBM’s standards, we have found that having a slight looseness to the assembly, as shown in this video, results in a far nicer sound and typing experience. You don’t need a torque screwdriver for your own maintenance of these keyboards; you can just back off the tightness a few turns by eyeing it and keep things loose for optimal sound and performance! In general, it should be looser than the point where the plates would start to bend unevenly around the areas of the bolt, where you would see some unevenness of the flat bottom plate.

Here’s a video posted a while back on how the cases are made:

Given the low volume of the beam spring project (about 1,500 keyboards for what may be the only production batch), all of these modules have to be assembled by hand, including the attachment of the thin metal part to the white part of the module. Buying and setting up automation machines would far exceed the size of the project, for such a relatively small project. Even the Model F barrels are installed by hand on the plates. There still are many machines that help the factory workers, but these keyboards take quite a bit of labor to make.

I know things have taken longer than expected but the factory and I want to make sure everything is as good as possible. The latest examples from early 2025 are excellent and they used modules from this completed production batch. The modules are the most important part of the beam spring keyboard to get right and I’m glad that I did not approve mass production and assembly until they met my requirements.

Update on beam spring inner foam

Everyone can now order an extra beam spring inner foam set at the below link, which has been updated today to add this item. Same as with the Round 1 beam spring first aid kit, extra inner foam was not a part of the kit as it was with Model F First Aid Kits, so it would have to be ordered separately.

https://www.modelfkeyboards.com/product/beam-spring-extras

If you are just ordering some extras, please feel free to place a new order and choose free/other shipping at checkout, right before clicking Place Order, to add to an existing shipment.

These are for the Round 2 classic style beam spring keyboards. The cut out one goes below the inner assembly plate and on top of the beam modules (just like with the IBM originals) and the bottom one goes below the PCB. Both are made of the same custom material as the newer batch of XT (non-crumbly style) Model F inner foam.

I also have some Round 1 beam spring foam sheets; these are just for the bottom one that goes below the PCB; feel free to email me if you want to order one.

Here’s a photo of one of the first samples of the foam from a couple years ago – obviously it is a little rough compared to the production version.

New Model F designs (Split Ortho, Planck, Preonic, 6×12, F20, Kinesis Advantage, Unsaver, etc.) under consideration; please send feedback!

Please fill out the Google form linked below to reserve or request one of the possible new Model F designs (Split Ortho, Planck, Preonic, 6×12, F20, Kinesis Advantage, Unsaver, etc.). All of these designs may not be made, so in the Google form, please do feel free to request second choices and third choices should your first choice not be made, but clearly indicate whether you want all of the designs or if you will order only one of the designs you indicated interest in.

https://forms.gle/bBBcQGW6g7HvACpc8

Hello everyone – I am the project coordinator for the Brand New Model F and Beam Spring Keyboards projects, which offers Model F and beam spring keyboards in various layouts (122 104 SSK 77 62 50 and split ergonomic) and styles (Compact and Classic styles). Currently everything is in stock except the balance of F122 keyboards and the Round 2 Beam Spring boards, and and more than 6,000 new capacitive keyboards have shipped since 2019.

I have been requesting feedback that folks may have regarding additional Model F keyboard designs that will have enough orders to cover the production costs. One-off designs that only you and a few others would buy are unfortunately cost-prohibitive due to the setup/tooling costs to make each unique design, so unless you want to spend tens of thousands of dollars please suggest boards that will likely have at least 25-50 keyboards’ worth of interest at the expected $399 pricing.

Besides those listed below and the ones that have already been made for the new Model F project, which board styles and layouts are most popular?

For each design below, please let me know the quantity you are interested in at the expected pricing of $399, and provide any feedback regarding design / style / layout and any other aspects. So far I have made no designs so we are only limited by the physical specifications of the Model F and beam spring design parameters. Do folks want LED lock lights (Num/Caps/Scroll) on these smaller boards?

The biggest new advances for these boards will be:

(1) Rico’s RP2040-based Leyden Jar controller, which has much more memory than the ATMEGA chips powering the previous projects (more room for the increased number of layers that may be more important on smaller and ergonomic style boards) and its plans for communication between controllers, so as to allow one USB cable to the computer and direct communication between halves of a split keyboard. These controllers are currently being used in the B104, B122, and F122 keyboards. The previous Split Ergo Model F used two usb cables and the QTY 50 units produced sold out quite quickly.

(2) The possibility to use a 4 layer board to make as compact a Model F design as possible, thus avoiding the need for extra area on the sides. The credit for this idea goes to wcass, who is also the designer of all the new Model F and beam spring project boards and compact xwhatsit controllers.

So far we have requests for the following which can be made with compact cases, probably 25 to 50 minimum order quantity at a $399 price:

Ergodox Style Split Ortho with Leyden Jar controller (one USB cable and second keyboard half connected to the first half).

4×12 ortho Model F (Planck style)

5×12 ortho Model F (Preonic style)

6×12 ortho Model F

F20 num pad

Kinesis Advantage2 and/or Advantage 360 Pro style

Beam Spring models – we can make compact beam spring ortholinear and other models as well, but the demand is quite low so far.

palm rests?

There was also some discussion about making a new Model F Unsaver. The thing is that you’d need a new top case mold for each additional design that cannot be easily CNC milled, which is quite costly. The bottom can be stamped like with the F104/FSSK/F122, which would not require a mold. The alternative is a flat case like for the compact models, which may not work for such a tall model as the unsaver.

Requests for die cast only cases (needs around 150-200 minimum order quantity for a $399 keyboard cost, unless some folks chip in for the tooling):

Unsaver

To save some time in your survey responses, here are some previous requests and mods that are not likely to be factory options:

Transparent keys (would require a different mold since the type of plastic would be different)

LED lighting for each key (does not make much sense when the keys have no transparent or translucent areas and the steel plate blocks visibility of the large capacitive PCB underneath each key)

Flip out Model M style feet (would require several very expensive injection molds)

Bluetooth wireless – this is possible, see discussion here, but someone would need to help: https://www.modelfkeyboards.com/questio … nectivity/

Mods to reduce or eliminate pinging / ringing and Trackpoint mod – adding a trackpoint to your New Model F keyboard, flush mount USB-C connector – already done, see the manual on the project web site for details

PS/2 communication – unnecessary given the presence of reverse adapters, but Rico is looking into adding a PS/2 port for those who want a built-in solution. PS/2 offers no benefits in terms of responsiveness or speed for the Model F keyboard, and it has several disadvantages including power limitations (can’t run a solenoid). Also full NKRO is available for all current new Model F and new beam spring keyboards – PS/2 is not necessary to have NKRO with a Model F or beam spring keyboard.

Updated manual for 2025, with updated video clips on the project’s YouTube channel

Everyone please do check out the manual on the project web site as I did a major update earlier this year; it has reorganized the setup process under more manageable steps which encourage folks to take one step at a time and review just the contents of that step before going through that step, instead of the previous suggestion to go over everything before starting. As always, if you can email me to suggest some specific feedback on what to update or if something is out of place, it would be much appreciated.

Please subscribe to the project’s YouTube channel:  https://www.youtube.com/@Brand_New_Model_F_Keyboards

A new video below shows the process to open and close the inner assembly for the larger keyboard models (F104, F122, FSSK). This was just added to the manual as well.

New as of June 2025:  Mac Icons+Text 6 key set 

By popular request – a set combining the Mac Icons and Mac Text key sets. This is a special order set that will arrive later this year, so you’d need to wait for delivery if combining shipping with a current order, or order separate shipping. 

Feel free to head over to the Extra Keys page to see more details and order the set.

Additional transparent relegendable template

With permission I am reposting a very nice transparent relegendable template. credit to geekhack member Cyber_engineer – Twitter @Mates_ENGINEER

Here is the template

The recommendation is to print out the templates on paper and cut out each one to fit the key. That way the legends can all have the same paper color, the key stem is no longer visible after the template is installed, and one can change the legend in the future. 

Pad print and additional key mold projects

Later this year I hope to resume the projects for the 3 additional keys (Big Enter, ISO Enter non-stepped, Code) and for the pad printed keys now that the backlog is wrapping up. Please sign the interest forms below to reserve one or more for yourself:

Pad print interest form: https://forms.gle/qvX4pR27a9Sr7fSN6

Interest form for PC AT big enter, ISO enter non-stepped, and Code key: https://forms.gle/XNmsgnwKfbwYMfci8

As a reminder, I had to cancel factory work on both these items in the past couple years due to subpar quality (see prior forum and blog postings for details); I hope to resume work later this year with new factories.

Currently I am in talks with a new pad print factory; they are one of the factories that makes the mass-produced pad printed keyboards for HP and Acer, so they know what they are doing!

Email issues in March 2025

Please note that the project has had some email issues around the time of March 2025 and some folks have reported that I have not received their message. If I have not replied to your email please re-send it.

Wireless Model F Keyboards (Bluetooth etc.)

A few folks periodically ask about making their Model F or Beam Spring keyboard wireless.

Has anyone tested with Model F or beam spring keyboards any products that make USB keyboards wireless?

Here’s one I recently came across: https://handheldsci.com/kb/

Leyden Jar feature update success – split communication between two keyboard halves!

Great news from Rico – split communication is now working on the Leyden Jar controllers!

Please see Rico’s update post here and head over to the github pages linked below. This means that we can now have Model F keyboards with communication between halves, with only one USB cable going to the computer and one half powering the other half.

https://www.keebtalk.com/t/the-leyden-jar-a-tentative-pcb-replacement-for-the-brand-new-model-f-keyboards/17489/45
https://github.com/mymakercorner/vial-qmk/tree/leyden_jar
https://github.com/mymakercorner/Leyden_Jar_Diagnostic_Tool
https://github.com/mymakercorner/Leyden_Jar

Leyden Jar F122 firmware update; request for help to update the binning algorithm

As mentioned in the F122 post, everyone please check the manual and update to the latest F122 Leyden Jar firmware, which fixed some bugs and updated the function layers to match those of the xwhatsit controller keyboards.

The various firmware files are all located in the QMK-layout-files.zip file in the manual (you can do a ctrl F search for QMK-layout-files.zip); this file is updated with new firmware.

The debounce was not working at all on the original firmware because the debounce time in was set too low for the higher number of bins used in the default firmware (more bins requires a few thousandths of a second more debounce time). More details are below if you are interested.

You have to manually set the debounce time as it is a constant. Setting this time too low results in debounce not running at all, so a setting of 10 ms is recommended as an initial test. Rico notes “What needs to be done for the F122 keyboard is to increase debouncing time so that it is higher than the matrix scan time + additional qmk logic. Total latency is approximately max(debounce_time, matrix_scanning_time) + qmk logic. This means that if the matrix scanning takes more time than the debounce time, no debouncing will be done. With 6 bins we have ~4.3ms scanning time, this is not a huge number. Sure QMK USB polling rate take an additional 1ms and debouncing takes 5ms on top of that, we still end at ~10ms latency which is more than adequate for normal typing sessions and casual gaming (below this value only the very best players can see the difference, and they are more probably inclined to use a hall effect gaming keyboard). To reduce latencies maybe it would be easier to reduce the debouncing values (and check that it does not introduce double press issues), or even better select another debouncing algorithm (there is one that introduces no delay when detecting key presses, only one when detecting key releases). To change the debounce time, the following line has to be added in the info.json file of the f122 board:”
“debounce”: 10

The only downside to longer debounce times is a couple thousandths of a second additional input delay. Many mechanical keyboards are about 10ms anyways, about the same as Leyden Jar-powered keyboards.

A technical discussion on flashing Leyden Jar firmware – can use Windows, Mac, and Linux (same instructions):

For keyboards with the Raspberry Pi RP2040-based Leyden Jar controller (F122, B104, B122, and others in the future)

Open the Leyden Jar diagnostic tool, which is in a folder inside the comprehensive QMK-layout-files.zip file linked above, click Refresh Device List, and click Enter Bootloader.  After clicking Enter Bootloader, an empty hard drive named “RPI-RP2” will appear in your computer’s Explorer.  All you have to do is copy to this drive the .uf2 file inside one of the leyden_jar_firmware_package folders which can be found in the QMK-layout-files.zip file linked above.  There are several firmware variants with different numbers of calibration bins and activation offsets. 

I recommend the one with 5 calibration bins and an activation offset of 7.  A higher number of calibration bins allows for a margin of safety around keys with different unpressed capacitance levels (for example, if there were only 1 bin then all keys would activate at the same value, but some keys may have an unpressed value close to or higher than the activation level, meaning a key would send a signal to the computer without being pressed.  I like to see the pressed value at least 3 higher than the DAC Threshold for that key’s bin, and an unpressed value at least 3 less than the DAC Threshold for that key’s bin (with capacitive PCBs, a pressed key may change the capacitance of other keys). 

Calibration bins allow for different activation levels based on the initial unpressed level of each key when the keyboard is first plugged in.  More bins is safer but there is a performance penalty that is infinitesimally small, several thousandths of a second.  Rico notes that matrix scans are 3 times faster on the Leyden Jar compared to the xwhatsit controller (720us to scan 18 columns compared to xwhatsit’s around 2ms). In other words, 5 bins would be 5 x 720us = about 3.5ms total scan time for 5 bins on the Leyden Jar compared to 5 x 2ms = 10ms for 5 bins on the xwhatsit. The xwhatsit Vial firmware uses 5 bins, so the RP2040 could even use 15 bins and still have approximately the same scan rate performance as the xwhatsit controller. 

The default Leyden Jar firmware is expected to have 7 bins and an activation offset of 7 to be more foolproof, but this can be adjusted (for folks who want theoretically the best performance that they can never actually notice in real-world usage!).  Firmwares with 2 bins may be more likely to have issues with one or two keys sending a signal without being pressed, so I do not recommend them.  Be sure to close the Leyden Jar diagnostic tool before using Vial.rocks or the Vial software.

While in the xwhatsit NathanA firmware you can split and unsplit keys in Vial, for the Leyden Jar firmware you would have to flash the generic firmware for your keyboard (for example, leyden_jar_f122_vial.uf2) to switch additional pads on and off. This firmware is useful for using the shorter spacebar and for using the 5 keys above the cursor keys for those who are adding barrels, flippers, and keys to those spots.

Deskthority forum member Arkku has created an excellent update for xwhatsit controller-based Model F keyboards, described here. And here is the code. Arkku set the number of bins based on the number of keys with different bins, and turned off / not use more bins than necessary. Would this be implementable in the new Leyden Jar Vial firmware? For example, it could set each bin for all keys with a resting value of a certain value plus/minus 1, 2, or 3 values either higher or lower (not both higher and lower; easily user-adjustable by a variable. Should each bin’s reference level be the highest level of keys in that bin, or the lowest?).

This would allow a lower offset to be used, which could be helpful to keep keyboards running even if they have some dust or debris that enter under the flipper at some point in time (these flippers would produce a weaker signal so the offset / value change when the key is pressed would be smaller). So for example it could put 378 and 379 resting values for one bin, 380 and 381 for another, one key with a 386 value on its own bin, and one key with 393 on another bin.

Sometimes with the F122 keyboards (they use the Leyden Jar controller), there are some keys that have a much higher resting value, and these values differ among these few keys. The current firmware hard-codes some of these keys to have their own custom bin, but sometimes the resting levels vary even between those keys so they shouldn’t both be in one bin.

A request for future Leyden Jar controllers – update the binning to match Arkku; the bins should not be divided equally but should be based on the resting value only. Each resting value should have its own bin and unused bins should be turned off to optimize performance (for example if there are only 5 unique resting values then the remaining 10 bins can be shut off if the number of maximum bins was set to 15). If anyone can help Rico with this, please let me know.

Having manually analyzed many production F122 keyboards, including their unpressed and pressed values for each key, I believe that an offset of 6-7 (difference between pressed and unpressed values for a particular key) is acceptable for virtually all F122 keys. So I think an updated Leyden Jar firmware could start with those figures as an initial version. To keep things simple I would like each bin’s reference level to stay the same as what Rico has set. I like that Arkku’s firmware plans for future deviance requiring more bins, without needing to recompile firmware in the future.

Since the Round 2 B104 and B122 beam spring boards (and eventually all Model F and beam spring keyboards) will be using the Leyden Jar controller, it would be great to combine what is great about all of the various firmwares out there!

I think the more adaptable the firmware is to potential hardware issues in the future (including varying capacitance and dust/debris levels in the keyboards), the more these keyboards are likely to survive over the coming decades with folks who are less likely to maintain and repair their boards.

I’m hoping to see more custom layouts like yours for Model F keyboards. The gray and blue are a nice combination.

I was reading about key rollover on your github project page linked below – a great read on the subject. I am aware that there are different ways to implement KRO over USB. Someone noted that certain old games do not allow some 3 key combinations even though NKRO on the same new Model F using an xwhatsit tests and works fine on this user’s computer for other games and programs, while their Logitech mechanical keyboard works beyond 2KRO for this particular game (Street Fighter II for example, which the below example neither worked in the MAME Emulator nor a Steam download according to the person messaging me).

“Pressing 3 keys down like U+O+P will not execute my move in game.”

Is there an alternative implementation that would be more compatible with a program that doesn’t like the default NKRO in QMK?

Customizing Vial to improve your productivity

I posted a request for everyone to share photos of how they have customized the transparent relegendable Model F / M keys, whether new or original, and other keys by using Vial, as I have not seen too many such photos. Any advice for how to use these keys?

A setup example from Deskthority user KeyboardPony: “I have used M122s for quite some time now. So I’m quite used to the 22 extra keys.

For me, the left 10-key-block is where I put things I use very often for me that’s

  • Escape. It’s there, because M122s don’t have a key where the Esc key is on standard keyboards. So on my M, I mapped the most left upper key to Esc which is that one. I have become so used to this position, that I also mapped it there on my F. I’ll have to see how fast I can retrain my muscle memory to use the standard Esc position.
  • MS Teams raise hand
  • Print (= Screenshot) Window
  • Print (= Screenshot) Area
  • Output Volume Up
  • Output Volume Down
  • MS Teams mute mic
  • Hardware mute mic
  • Stop (On my M I used to have LCtrl there)
  • Play/Pause (On my M I used to have LGui there)

F13-F19 map to command sequences of text editors and ticket systems etc.
F20-F24 map to hardware control (turn on/off touchpad etc.)”

Solenoid mod

Here is an interesting solenoid mod, along with a description. I do not know the long-term effects of this, so I cannot recommend it, but it is something to think about! This new F122 user wanted a much lower impact for the solenoid, even beyond the sound from the minimum throw length.

“I also restricted my solenoid a little bit further with some electrical tape. I applied it and stretched it a bit further out using the top bracket. I would say the sound without it has a bit of a harsh/high frequency impact — metal on metal kinda sound that reverberates through the backplate. Adding the tape sorta rounded it out, making it work much much better with the keys to my ears. Much more subtle and typewriter-y.”

solenoid electrical tape mod.jpg

Stolen/missing keyboard alert

A Model M classic case style Industrial Gray F104 keyboard was reported stolen or missing. Serial number 354

Everyone please keep an eye out for a True Red Model M style case F104, serial number 680 which was stolen earlier this month.

Please watch out for any such keyboards appearing for sale online or elsewhere and let me know right away. If you see an industrial gray keyboard without the serial label shown, or with the label removed, that could be this board. Check out the comprehensive list in a prior update on this page.

There is now an additional LED overlay option: ISO 9995

This was a special order from a while back but now it is open to the public for orders. There are about 30 remaining of this design.

According to AlexB555, “Quebec CSA and French BÉPO are based on ISO 9995 (Part 7), the led overlay is compatible with these two layouts.

Idea : Num Lock, Caps Lock and Scroll Lock could be offered in a bundle with the led overlay iso-9995-7, if a demand is there. The pictograms are explained here: https://www.tresor.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/PDF/ressources_informationnelles/standard_clavier_quebecois/ISO_9995-7.pdf

Gray USB-C Cables

By popular request, they are back in stock and are able to be ordered once more on the USB cable page.

Photos of nice new Model F keyboard setups

Everyone please share your new Model F photos, or send them to me if you prefer me to share them.

With permission I am sharing another unique setup – the F104 in Industrial Gray with a Big Enter key and a mix of other Wheelwriter and other keys. The user notes that the big enter key can be installed regularly without having to remove the spring of the | \ key below the backspace (just disable the key in Vial).

The same person who sent me the below photo has also posted a video detailing mods they were looking to do for their new F104.

They actually designed 3d printed feet for the keyboard after considering XT style flip out feet for the F104.

PC AT Big Enter.jpg

With permission I am sharing the first user image of the new F122 keyboards! This one has the F13-F24, transparent relegendables, and blue cursor keys. 

F122 - Copy.jpg

With permission I am sharing the second user image of the new F122 keyboards! This one includes some interesting keys from Unicomp, with legends I have not seen before.

Posting (with permission) another great F122 setup. This one is special as it has an old hi-fi Pioneer badge (for a cool retro styling) and Unicomp Esc and APL keys.

And here is another one! This one is a dark gray F122. Posting with permission as per usual.

dark gray f122 - Copy.jpg

With permission I am sharing what may be one of the only photos of the Italian key set installed on an F77. A nice setup with Nixie tubes and a custom-built PC!

Italian (2).jpg
Italian (1).jpg

Also below is a photo of one of the aforementioned keyboards that I have been testing and optimizing firmware with; it will be going to a user of the German layout (pardon the cell phone quality)

2025-04-24_00-12-09.jpg

Posting (with permission) a nice F77 setup. The photo was just sent to me today and was taken after a year of usage by a writer who is working on a novel! This F77 has one of the most popular add-ons, the solenoid, which is installed inside the case.

F77.jpg

Arkku has created a nice looking new Model F F50 running a customized QMK firmware – see photos at the below link

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=524389#p524389

With permission I am sharing another nice customized F122

With permission I am sharing the first photo of the Hebrew English key set on the new F122!

There are a couple dozen available key sets and it is nice to see photos of some of the rarer key sets.

Hebrew English.jpg

A timeline of IBM keyboard history

Deskthority forum member sharktastica continues to update a terrific resource on all the original IBM Model F and various other keyboards, with a new timeline feature.

https://sharktastica.co.uk/timeline

https://sharktastica.co.uk

Brand New Model F January 2025 Update: new reviews, photos, keyboard layouts, key sets, and production status updates!

When will my order ship? How long do I have to wait before my order ships? Can I still order a new Model F or beam spring keyboard from the current stock and have it arrive soon?

Yes, there is still time now to join in this month on the project and get a keyboard from the current stock, as I have ordered extras. The shipping backlog is typically about a month or two for in stock items, sometimes longer. In other words, everyone has to wait in line for their order to ship; there is no way to have an order ship immediately. In terms of the timeline from here, I cannot estimate the timeline for any specific order, so please do not email me asking for a personalized update on when your order will ship.  You will receive an email with a tracking number once your order is all done. All keyboard models are in stock, except for the second batch of F122 and all of the Round 2 beam spring keyboards (see below for details). The compact F50 and split ortho are out of stock with no current plans to make more, though you can still order one of the remaining the NOS IBM classic style F50 keyboards.

I have finished the Model M Style F104 and FSSK backlog for orders through the end of December 2024. All other stocked orders (including for Round 1 Beam Spring, F62/F77, compact F104/FSSK, and F15) should be going out when your turn comes up in the order queue.

March 2025 update: The first batch of F122 keyboards arrived this month; the second batch is planned to be completed this month and arrive to me in several months. Beam Spring keyboards were approved for mass production in December and are expected to be completed and delivered in 2025.

As always, please see the geekhack or DT forum thread for the latest updates (see the About page for the link) including production status. The updates on the forum threads are far more frequent and recent than the periodic updates posted several times per year on this blog page. Just because this post is dated from a while back does not mean there have been no updates!

All variations are available. The current discounted pricing is not guaranteed for the future and some keyboards have already started going up in price compared to the earlier discount as those keyboards are running out of stock, so I recommend joining the project this month and not waiting since you may be paying double or your favorite color or layout may no longer be available to order. If you are interested in skipping the line feel free to order the skip the line option mentioned below; otherwise you have to wait with everyone else in line! The project always has an order backlog, so please do not email me asking when your order will ship.

Read the manual fully before touching your keyboard, even if you have experience with these old style keyboards: After your new Model F keyboard arrives, I strongly recommend starting from the beginning of the setup video and the written manual, to minimize the time you need to figure things out. Do not only watch the hour-long setup video, as there have been many changes and other required steps not shown in the video. Since so many keyboards have shipped in a short timespan, there have been a higher-than-usual number of questions from folks, and almost all of the questioners show that they did not read the manual, and the solution to their issue is in the manual. Don’t be one of those people and spend hours more than you need to set things up! A fix for every potential Model F issue is described in the written manual. Part of the manual discusses an issue with transposed keys. The manual has been updated recently. The main thing to fix is removing and reinstalling the affected springs with the proper process described there and also shown in the hour-long setup video. Reports posted on the forums and messages sent to me indicate that this almost always fixes the issue. If that step does not fix the issue, the manual also notes the next steps in the diagnostic process.

Apologies that I have not gathered the recent forum updates every other month or so, as I have done in the past. Here are the latest updates since the previous comprehensive June 10th 2024 post. As a reminder, this does not mean that there were no updates. Updates are posted on the mechanical keyboard forum threads as soon as an update is available.

Major project milestones

This past month the 6,000th keyboard shipped! Six thousand! This includes both Brand New Model F and Brand New Beam Spring keyboards. They have shipped out to more than 65 countries around the world.

The biggest update from the past 6 months, however, is that the long-awaited Model M case style F104 and FSSK keyboards arrived and the long backlog has shipped out for everything up through the end of November 2024. Hundreds and hundreds of these new F104 and FSSK keyboards have shipped out all over the world. These keyboards were announced and orders started being accepted at the end of March 2023. If your order was placed for an in stock keyboard before December 2024 and has not shipped, please let me know (reminder: no one’s F122 or Round 2 beam spring keyboards have shipped yet, so please see the top of this post for the current order status for those keyboards).

Here are all the models that are now being offered

There is still time to order the original project’s F62/F77 and other keyboards, but they are on a “while supplies last” basis.

  • Currently in stock: All F104 and FSSK, All F62 and F77, F15 Split Ergonomic, IBM NOS F50 macro pad (very limited quantity, see below for details)
  • Currently completing assembly: the metal case classic Model M style F122 keyboards (expected to complete assembly in February or March)
  • Currently in production and assembly: the Round 2 classic style Beam Spring keyboards (expected to complete assembly in several months, later this year)
  • Currently out of stock: Model F Split Ortho, Ultra Compact F50, Classic Case style Beige F62

REQUEST: this week please share your photos, reviews, and postings on the Model F and Beam Spring Projects!

Please spend a few minutes this week to help the project: For those of you who have been using your Brand New Model F and Brand New Beam Spring keyboards, please do post a quick video on YouTube if you don’t mind! How do you like using your keyboard, how does it compare to your other keyboards, how was the setup experience, any recommendations and/or custom modifications, etc. A lot of folks find out about the project through YouTube nowadays. If you post a review please do set the title to something like “Brand New Model F Keyboards by Model F Labs review” or “Brand New Beam Spring Keyboards by Model F Labs review” – and let me know once you post as I want to share the various reviews, postings, and videos. Is there any feedback on the Model F ergo boards from folks who have been using them?

The reviews have started to come in

The Chyrosran22 review has been posted for the new Model M case style F104 Model F Keyboard!

Here is the new Chyrosran22 F104 unboxing video!

Chyrosran22 released the F104 trailer back in November. It is a wild video!

The new Model M case style F104 and FSSK keyboards started shipping in September, and we have seen some nice user reviews that have come in over the past few months. Everyone please do let me know how your setup experience went, and of course if anything broke in shipping please let me know so that it can be replaced. Additionally, for those outside the US and who received their new Model F keyboard through UPS, how was the delivery experience? Did the box and keyboard survive OK or did the box get roughed up in shipping? Also please do let me know if you are having any trouble. Please do not give up! If you follow the manual step by step everything should work. If you try to set it up on your own, you are almost guaranteed to have missed an important step and it will not likely work 100%; if you fall into this category please do start over and read the manual and watch the hour-long setup video so you become an expert on the Model F!

One such example from Deskthority forum member minimal:

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=521239#p521239

Deskthority review and photo by forum member mbarszcz

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=521338#p521338

F122 Update

The factory has taken much longer than expected to finish up assembly of the F122 keyboards. They are looking to finish up at the end of February or March due to their nearly one-month break for the new year, which starts in a couple weeks.

There were some mistakes made with the initial assembly and the boards were improperly assembled (always most likely on the first production run of any new keyboard over the past years of this project – it takes longer until the factory becomes experienced with a particular model and future orders can be faster), so they are in the process of disassembling, inspecting, and then reassembling the F122 plates, which are a little more difficult to open and close than the other keyboards’ plates, as anyone can attest who has an F122 from IBM.

Beam Spring Round 2 production update

The factory notes that they have completed production and assembly of 80,000 Round 2 beam spring modules.

The cases, bottom and top inner assembly plates, foam, PCBs, and other small parts were approved for production last month.

The Leyden Jar (for B122 and B104) and xwhatsit (for B62 and BSSK) controllers are all in stock, ready to be installed. 

The PBT double shot MX keycaps for the beam spring keyboards all arrived to me with last year’s container shipment, so they are all ready to ship.  These are the same keys from the same order as was done for the Round 1 beam spring keyboards.

I am hoping that they complete production and assembly of the remaining items over the coming months.

Again I want to reiterate that the quality of the sample beam spring keyboards received a month or so ago is excellent, and most noticeable is the significantly improved consistency of the key press of each beam module. 

For those not following the project closely in the past year or so, the beam module supplier switched and brand new molds were created for the Round 2 beam modules.  These new beam modules, combined with the improved assembly quality, has resulted in excellent production examples. 

Here’s a photo showing how the modules are being stored while we wait for the other parts to be completed.  The modules are on layers in trays, with a cardboard separation between each layer of modules.

Additional Model F Keyboard Layouts: F Split Ortho, Planck/Preonic Styles

I am trying to put together a list of the most requested modern layouts for some possible Model F small production runs. What are some of the newer layouts that are most popular, or classic layouts that have not yet been made?

Please email me if you are interested in any of these additional layouts so I can keep you updated!

So far we have requests for the following which can be made with compact cases, probably 25 to 50 minimum order quantity at a $399 price:

  • Ergodox Style Split Ortho with Leyden Jar controllers (one USB cable and second keyboard half connected to the first half)
  • 4×12 ortho Model F (Planck style)
  • 5×12 ortho Model F (Preonic style)
  • 6×12 ortho Model F
  • F20 num pad

Requests for die cast only cases (needs around 150-200 minimum order quantity for a $399 keyboard cost, unless some folks chip in for the tooling):

  • Unsaver

Please do reply with any other popular requests that you think can reach the minimum order quantity!

For Model F Preonic and Planck style keyboards (5×12, 4×12, or 6×12 ortholinear) what kind of case styles do people like? Please share photos and links.

I am looking to do an updated split ortho board with Rico’s Leyden Jar controller (I hope for UART communication between split halves and PS2 support for the Leyden Jar controller which was being looked into). Rico noted that it should be possible to power everything with one USB cable to the computer, and then a 4 pin cable can both power and communicate with the other keyboard half through UART. The 4 pin cable would be the only connection to the second half; a USB cable would not be needed for the second keyboard half.

Everyone please feel free to contact Rico if you are able to help with the UART communication, the PS/2 daughterboard project, and/or BLE / RF wireless part of the Leyden Jar controller. Or maybe it would be better to connect a regular USB wireless keyboard device to the Leyden Jar instead of connecting a BLE module by serial / UART.

For small production run cases without a mold we would probably be limited to the style of cases found on the F15 split ergonomic keyboard for example – 3 pieces assembled together, unless folks can point to other nice small run project cases. CNCing the cases from a solid aluminum block would be too expensive.

We may be able to eliminate part of the bezel thanks to wcass’s success with 4 layer Model F capacitive PCBs to remove the need for large traces on the perimeter. To keep the original 0.8mm thickness each PCB layer may have to be too thin though for effective capacitance sensing; I am not sure if this was tested.

https://geekhack.org/index.php?topic=96284.0

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=436108#p436108

The most important thing though is to try to get the word out about these old style keyboards that have already been made – if anyone can help that would be great! 

New Professional F104/FSSK Keyboard Photos

I have finished taking photos of some of the new F104 and FSSK variations.

Full-resolution photos can be viewed at this imgur album link: https://imgur.com/a/EIebi75

The first photos in the album are the F104, followed by the FSSK, and finally some beam spring B104 sample keyboard from several months ago.

IBM in the news: History of the IBM PC and IBM PS/2

The IBM PC turns 44 years old this year! Here is a nice article from Techspot posted recently:

https://www.techspot.com/article/2914-legends-ibm-pc

IBM’s innovations are fascinating. The article notes that they sold 750,000 PC’s in the first two years – that is a lot of Model F keyboards!

Does anyone have documentation on the original IBM PC 5150 (XT style) keyboard pricing? Not for the 5150 clone boards.

The F122 originally sold for $295 in 1984, or $895 in today’s dollars per the IBM announcement notice:

https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS184-040

Customer Images – lots of images and posts as many hundreds of keyboards have shipped in recent months!

With permission I am sharing a photo someone took of their own keyboard in the past day or so, which they report has held up well with daily usage over the past two and a half years. Very little wear.  I think it matters how you rest and move your palms and hands while typing, and if you follow the “don’t rest your palms” advice from your teachers back in typing class! Since we are not talking about plastic with no coating to wear off, some folks will wear down any unprotected, painted surface that they are in significant contact with every day.

Here’s another customer image, this time of the Industrial SSK 12 key set installed on a Unicomp Model M keyboard as well as on an F77 in Industrial Gray:

With permission I am posting a nice custom setup of the F15 split ergo keyboard. There are still 2 of these remaining that are available to order.

Please do keep sharing photos of your new Model F and new Beam Spring setups! All kinds of custom mod projects are exactly what I am hoping to see more of.

This custom mod setup focuses on making things as solid and with as little movement during operation as possible, tenting the keyboards using custom cut pieces of solid wood so that everything stays in place. I have copied the description below:

“(1) Tents: Hand / chop saw cut out of 2×8 pine. Sanded and spray painted black
(2a) Black Rests: Hand / chop saw cut out of 2×4 pine. 1/8 inch board bases. Glued. Shaped with a wood shaper tool. Sanded and spray painted black
(2b) Wood Rests: Hand / chop saw cut out of 2×4 pine. 1/8 inch board bases. Glued. Shaped with a wood shaper tool. Sanded. Stained. Spray painted lacquer. Fine sanded and polished.
(3) Keycaps: Mix of Unicomp and New Model F keycaps”

With permission I am sharing a nice setup with an Industrial Gray F62, the HHKB Front Print Key set, and a trackball: “the F62 and a Ploopy Adept, both running Vial, connected to a Framework 13 running Arch.”

A very artistic set of F62 photographs was posted by forum member nac5605; I like the lighting especially:

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=520695#p520695

Here’s a clear photo of the classic zinc case F62 Kishsaver that was just posted on reddit. This one has the Mac Text keys installed:

Sharing (with permission) the first photo sent to me of the Russian Cyrillic layout on an F77, with F1-F12 front printed Russian Cyrillic keys and the HHKB layout.

Here’s a nice and quick review and photo from a user on reddit. The photo compares the Model F to the original Model M keyboard. The case dimensions are exactly the same but the Model M looks bigger due to the camera angle with the Model M keyboard being in front of the Model F.

And a nice photo from reddit user Phil_Goodman, with the F104 in Industrial Gray and a 48 inch computer monitor!

https://www.reddit.com/media?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpreview.redd.it%2F5jieczsuz5zd1.jpg%3Fwidth%3D2655%26format%3Dpjpg%26auto%3Dwebp%26s%3De6aa14adcfc51b48c354e468f844c9e381f297d7

One more photo and review – this one has a red Panic button from Unicomp installed in the Esc key position:

We also have the first videos featuring the new dye sublimated Model F badges! From the same F62 poster above. For all models, these badges can be placed on any flat area of the case, whereas the F122 has a recessed spot for a badge. They are adhesive backed and have a protective clear film on the front which should be removed.

Solenoid disabled: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/fb2Z285ec2k
Solenoid enabled: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/24JguBwS_pI

Here is a nice photo from deskthority forum member dr_xadium showing off the beige new Model F keyboard in front of an original IBM Personal System/2 computer case (a custom modern PC build in an original case). I was confused initially as I wasn’t sure if that was a Model F or Model M in the photo upon first glance! It matches nicely with the IBM beige color of the computer.

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=520956#p520956

And their next post compares the new Model F beige keyboard with an original IBM Model M beige case:

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=520958#p520958

And an additional post reviewing the custom Model F solenoid: “For those on the fence about getting a solenoid in their keyboard – after a few days of living with the solenoid on the Model F keyboard I can say it’s not just a gimmick to make things louder – the feedback it gives really adds a kick and crispness to the keyfeel that you miss when it’s turned off. It makes the typing experience that much more satisfying.”

Some nice scymnc and HHKB style split right shift classic style F62 case keyboard photos posted by Deskthority forum member zappazappa:

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=521174#p521174

We have a bunch of nice photos and a review from forum member del20nd. There was some initial confusion over the correct orientation of the stabilizer inserts but it was figured out ok.

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=521302#p521302

With permission I am sharing a customized keyboard “setup in progress” photo from a new Model F user who has asked that the photo be credited to his first name Mike. I very much like the blue and pearl keycap combination, which is different from the regular all blue or pearl and pebble keycap combinations that are currently available. Additionally this combination looks nice as installed with a True Red case.

With permission, I wanted to share another nice setup with a custom coiled USB cable and a powered USB switcher hub that appears to be working well with the F77 (unpowered hubs tend to cause issues). The coiled cable adds a nice touch.

“The mouse is a Lofree PBT Touch, I coiled the cable myself (wrap tightly around wooden dowel, secure with masking tape, treat with a heat gun), and the hub is actually a USB 3 switch to toggle between my PC and Mac. Made by RSH Tech”

Major updates to the manual, and more: I have also put together a summary of the various updates in recent years, for those wondering what has been going on with the project

For those who have followed the project over the years and are still considering joining the project or picking up an additional keyboard while prices have been discounted and stock is still on hand, the good news is that the manual has been updated and is now a step-by-step guide to setting up and maintaining your new Model F keyboard. Additionally, there is an hour long step-by-step setup video included in the manual. I have received lots of feedback over the past year from those brand new to the hobby, who are not on the forums, and even newcomers have told me they were able to follow the setup guide easily and there was no trouble in setting things up. No one has to go all over the place to find information anymore as everything you need to know to set up and maintain your new Model F is organized in the manual now.

No more QMK web site:  The old QMK is gone, not even an option on these keyboards any more.  The firmware is now exclusively Vial, thanks to DT forum member NathanA.  Can use the Vial program for offline use or go to the web site Vial.rocks using a Chrome-based browser.  You don’t have to load any configuration files as the keyboard is recognized natively by both those options.  The latest firmware is flashed on each 104/SSK, so it is not necessary to flash anything to change your keymap options.  New firmware is now flashed with a bat file or .sh file for linux instead of directly flashing a hex file.  This means that it’s a few steps now, but all you have to do to flash new firmware is install the atmega drivers, download the QMK-layout-files.zip file from the manual, and double click the bat file that you want to flash.  The bat files are named to correspond with the keyboard, round, and layout, for example “f104 r2 ansi HHKB Split Backspace.bat” is for the round 2 Model M style f104 keyboard with ANSI style layout (ANSI style Enter and left shift), HHKB style modifications (split right shift and swapped caps/ctrl), and split backspace.  The bootloader mode is accessible by a key combination or more easily by clicking the Enter Bootloader button in the pandrew utility available in that same zip file mentioned above.  

All in stock instead of made to order:  The F104 and FSSK variations are now all in stock.  Shipping started in September and the backlog will continue shipping this month and should wrap up next month.  As opposed to the made-to-order nature of the prior projects, I made many extra keyboards so that everyone can still order from current stock in the near future and get a keyboard from this completed batch.

Clear order status now at the top of the Updates page:  The top of the Updates page now describes a detailed order status for each item, for those eager to see when their keyboard is expected to finish assembly and/or ship.  I also detailed all of the reasons behind the tooling and production delays (one main issue was getting the cases right – delays were due to both the time to complete the tooling to make the new die cast molds for the cases as well as making sure the production quality of the cases met my standards).  

Case material is now die cast aluminum instead of die cast zinc but the keyboard is still very heavy because the layout is bigger.  This allowed the package weight to remain about the same so I didn’t have to pass along a shipping cost increase.  The case was designed to look like the Model M on top, but with the bottom being modified to be more like the XT bottom cases (just a curved metal plate) so I didn’t have to make a mold for the bottom cases and so the thicker Model F inner assembly could fit in a Model M-sized case.  The case bolts are now countersunk and T8.  There is now a spot inside each keyboard case to mount both the solenoid and driver.  There is a choice of 12 LED overlay options.

Controllers:  The F104/FSSK controllers are still the ATMEGA32 based open source design, but they now support 3 LEDs and a solenoid at the same time, thanks to updates by pandrew and wcass.  The RP2040 based open source controller developed by forum member Rico (“the Leyden Jar controller”) is not used with the 104/SSK, but it was completed and is being used in all of the 122 keyboards as this controller supports 18×8 matrix (2 extra columns) compared to the ATMEGA controllers which support a 16×8 matrix.  It is also exclusively Vial, no QMK.  There are plans to extend support of this controller to the other new Model F keyboards for future compatibility once the ATMEGA chip goes away.  Two of the most talked about new features planned but not yet implemented are PS/2 support and the ability to connect one Leyden Jar controller to another Leyden Jar controller for the purposes of using the controller in a split keyboard like the Split Ortholinear Model F Keyboard.  This controller has the advantage of more memory for complex macros and layers, but I have not seen any real-world performance differences.  The optional solenoid can be powered on and off by a key combination.

NKRO:  NKRO remains disabled by default for compatibility reasons; the manual describes a Vial option that can be set up to toggle NKRO.

Reorganized manual:  The manual has been thoroughly updated and reorganized based on feedback over the past few years.  An hour-long, step-by-step setup video has been created and the included green booklet now instructs everyone to follow the video and manual exclusively to set up their keyboard.  The manual is now comprehensive and it includes every setup, maintenance, and troubleshooting step needed for a new Model F keyboard, so folks won’t have to spend hours trying to think of their own way to do something.  One no longer needs to visit any other web sites or consult any other manuals unless you want to do something advanced like compiling your own firmware.  I have also been more vocal about the project philosophy, writing it up at the top of the manual and discussing it elsewhere, which explains the reasons behind the project philosophy focusing on teaching everyone how to maintain their Model F for life instead of relying on Genius Bar type folks to answer every question for you for the one-year warranty period and then encourage you to buy the newer model because it is impossible to repair the current product in a cost effective way.  My position is that the current manual is the only place you need to go for the Model F and almost every possible issue can be fixed on your own by reading the manual from start to finish instead of emailing me directly for any issue.  I also created a “Model F vs. Model M – what are the differences” video and put it on the home page as that appears to have been a big help.  Other small changes for clarity:  for example, Right Ctrl is now Right Ctrl and not Fn as it was before (the key between right Alt and Right Ctrl is now the Fn key).

Big price drops on previous Model F project:  It has been 9 years (!) since the Brand New Model F Keyboards project started and now the original models have been discounted by a couple hundred dollars as that project draws nearer to a close, so those with smaller spending abilities can pick up a smaller layout new Model F for as low as $175.

Here is the new Mac F1-F15 set, designed to match the legends style of Apple’s keyboard. Now available to order on the Extra Keys page.

USB-C Flush mount mod by Deskthority forum member pilcher

https://github.com/ipilcher/f104-usb-mod/blob/main/README.md

Model F Snappiness vs. Press Force

Over on the geekhack project thread, there was some discussion on the variances of Model F keyboard snappiness vs. press force and what the potential causes of that may be. Here is what I posted:

I think it is a matter of the tolerance between the keycap placement within the barrel and the spring free length. For example, if the spring free length increased and nothing else changed, the key press force might increase a little. The XT barrel and some AT barrels may leave a key slightly lower down in the barrel for the resting position, meaning the spring is slightly more compressed (near the bottom of the barrel, the keycap snaps into place at a certain point which determines the resting place of the key when a flipper and spring are installed in the barrel).

The tradeoff is that the Model F keyboards with that tolerance combination are slightly louder and crispier in their snappiness, but they require slightly more key press force. In general the original Model F keyboards range from the XT side (heavier presses and snappiest) to the F122 / AT / other F’s (about in the middle or slightly lighter in my experience). Less crisp XT examples may have more spring oxidation/rust.

I have seen this doing press force experiments with the brand new beam spring project – a slightly higher free length of the spring results in increased press force grams required. I also did make some Model F springs with slightly longer free lengths that seem to confirm this theory.

Additional analysis on the optimal placement of the spring as installed in the barrel

I have updated the manual with some additional information to help those looking to reinstall springs correctly, in the correct 12 o’clock position as well as with the spring about 1mm away from the 12 o’clock position of the barrel when the keyboard is held vertically, space bar end up. If the spring is too high up (too close to the 6 o’clock barrel position), buckling errors will occur as you mentioned. I also recommend swapping the keycap with another keycap to see if the F keycap itself was somehow deformed or damaged.

As reported to me through another GH/DT forum member’s great research back when the project was just getting started 8 or 9 years ago:

It is important for the spring to be close to the 12 o’clock position of the barrel (as shown below) when the keyboard is held vertically, space bar end up, because the click is not strong otherwise and click errors are more likely to occur.

It is also important for the spring to be close to the 6 o’clock position of the barrel when the keyboard is held vertically, number/function row end up, because the key press will cause the spring to buzz if not in this position. This means that the spring cannot touch the 12 o’clock position because then the spring will be too far away from the 6 o’clock position when the keyboard is flipped to the right side up position.

And finally, springs that are installed too much left or too much right compared to the vertical center will cause errors with installation such as keys not working reliably.

Please do share: how do you reinstall and reseat Model F springs when the flipper is installed in the keyboard?

Please let everyone know your techniques, tools used, and recommendations. Toothpick with one end trimmed down? Chopstick? A certain type of tweezers? A small screwdriver with magnet and with the end trimmed off a bit?

Some folks have trouble reinstalling the springs. Of course it is relatively easy with the flipper not installed – just align the end in the proper 12 o’clock position and push the spring on the flipper by hand.

Here is my view: Model F springs really need to be pushed down all the way onto the nub for best results, and the tweezers should be gripping closer to the bottom of the spring like in the hour-long setup video so that the spring is not bent. You should have a firm grip on the spring. A loose grip means the tool is more likely to slip and permanently damage the spring as you are installing it. If anyone is breaking springs while trying to install them then they are not being installed as shown in the setup video, which remains my preferred way to install the springs.

And here is the relevant portion of the manual with my recommendations:

This point and the following few points describe how to remove and re-seat springs, which is the main way to fix keys that are not working well. Our next step is to remove and re-seat any loose/non-working keys. Regarding re-seating springs, in nearly all cases you do not need to take apart the keyboard to fix keys that do not click or spend a few minutes pressing a troublesome key. Reattach the key as shown in the hour-long setup video linked above, with the keyboard positioned as shown in the videos (vertically, with the spacebar row up). After reinstalling the spring, be sure to carefully reinstall the keycap; I like to do this step slowly to make sure that the spring is correctly positioned inside the key because if you are pushing in the key too fast, it may bounce the spring out of place.

Often re-seating a key is not enough to make the key work or to reduce or eliminate a buzzing sound when a key is pressed, and you need to remove and reattach the spring as shown in the QC secrets video. I have found that carefully removing and flipping the spring upside down can fix most spring issues, and replacing the spring with another spring is a last, but often necessary step. Springs must always be removed with a gentle twisting motion (it should come off easily – otherwise you’re twisting the wrong way), never pulled straight up. Twist counterclockwise looking at the spring straight down, like in the below picture. Springs should always be put back by pushing them straight without twisting, as shown in the setup video. Be sure to press the spring all the way down onto the nub of the flipper so that the spring is tightly secured on the flipper. The goal is (1) to have the spring be about 1mm above the 12 o’clock position of the barrel when the keyboard is positioned that way, and (2) have the end of the spring in the 12 o’clock position relative to the flipper, as pictured below. If the spring end is not positioned at 12 o’clock (per the video) and the spring does not touch the barrel, buckling error is more likely to occur.

2024 Container Shipment

The contents of the 2024 container shipment for this project was successfully delivered back in September. Over 5 tons! This is the 5th container shipment of the various keyboard projects.

This shipment included all the Model M style F104/FSSK and various other parts and key sets. The F122 and Round 2 beam spring keyboards will be on the container shipments later this year once they are completed.

As with the previous container shipments we have some photos of the loading. This one was too big for the 20′ but the 40′ container was not completely packed like last time.

And now we have the first photos of the keyboards after they have all been stored and organized! 

Here is a nice, detailed new Model F review that was posted on geekhack

https://geekhack.org/index.php?topic=123701.0

Controller firmware updates

All project keyboards now have support for Vial, thanks to the great updates made by forum member NathanA. You can update your firmware through the instructions and files in the manual on this project web site. Vial has currently been working well and has been a big improvement in usability thanks to its GUI and ability to directly edit the key mappings without having to reflash the firmware every time. The default firmware is Vial for all keyboards except for F62 and F77 which were produced before Model F Vial was finalized. Feel free to add an order note to request that I flash Vial for your F62/F77 as I prepare it for shipment.

Rico has posted the current status and planned updates of the RP2040-based Leyden Jar controller that will eventually be used on the various new Model F and beam spring keyboards. It also runs on Vial.

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=521752#p521752

A big congratulations are in order for Rico’s great success with the Leyden Jar controller!

Everyone please do let Rico and me know if you are interested in helping contribute to any of Rico’s 2025 development areas for the open source Leyden Jar controller.

The highest priority is getting one controller to power and communicate with the other controller so that only one USB cable is needed as I would like to start the next round of the Split Ortho F keyboards which were all spoken for in the first run of those boards with two USB cables (as a note there was no issue sharing function layers and shift states between boards on Mac/OS/Unix thanks to NathanA’s firmware).

Regarding the solenoid and UART functioning at the same time, here was a proposal sent to me:

Move SOLENOID_ENABLE to GPIO26, SOLENOID_PULSE to GPIO27, COL16 moves to GPIO28, and COL17 moves to GPIO29, and then have a firmware version that allows for the UART and Solenoid at the same time without sacrificing the solenoid.

The UART would run on GPIO28 and GPIO29 and it would take away columns 16 and 17 for firmware variations that require UART, while these columns would be normal keyboard matrix columns in all other firmware versions not requiring UART.

These columns 16 and 17 could both be connected to the through holes at the bottom and also to the expansion header (maybe the expansion header would need to be 4×2 or 5×2 instead of 3×2 or larger to accommodate the 4 wires needed for UART and power, or there would be a separate 2×2 header for UART).

This way you can sacrifice 2 columns to have both the solenoid and UART with split keyboards, and with the same controller you can also choose to have those 2 extra columns and the solenoid if you do not require the UART.”

NathanA has posted a guide to making the various flashable keymaps including the hex and vil files:

“The .vil files have always been easy:

  1. Create your layout in Vial.
  2. Go to File > Save.

Simple.

It’s the .hex files that aren’t so easy. I used to build special versions of firmware which included a custom QMK macro I wrote that would actually cause the keyboard firmware to “type” the contents of the hex file out onto the screen. So I’d open up Notepad, press the key on the keyboard that ran that routine, and wait for it to finish. But I left that routine out of the shipping firmware, in part because it took up valuable flash space that was best used for other, more useful features.

I eventually figured out a much easier way:

  1. Create your layout in Vial (or load the .vil file you previously created and saved).
  2. Put keyboard in bootloader mode.
  3. Run “dfu-programmer atmega32u2 erase –force”
  4. Run “dfu-programmer atmega32u2 read –eeprom > output.hex”

(where “output.hex” is whatever you want to call the resulting .hex file)

It’s simple in terms of the number of steps. The main downside with this method is that the ATmega bootloader doesn’t allow you to read from the EEPROM memory unless you first wipe the flash memory. Which is totally freaking stupid, but there’s nothing I can do to change that. (I assume it’s some kind of misguided security-related feature.) What this means is that even if you are creating a bunch of layouts for a single keyboard model, you have to re-flash firmware in between creating each layout. Not only is that inconvenient and a huge waste of time, but it causes a lot of wear and tear on the flash memory. So when I make these, I actually use one of the spare defective wcass controllers you sent for this purpose.

It would be awesome if there was some kind of script or utility that could read a .vil and auto-generate a .hex from that, but writing such a thing would basically require that it be reading from QMK source code files in order to be able to figure out what valid keycodes & their values are. So it would be complex, as well as require that you have QMK/Vial firmware source on your computer.

One thought that I’ve had is to maybe patch the Vial app so that you can run it from the command-line and feed it a .vil file to load into the keyboard, and then immediately exit (the GUI would not display at all). Then instead of shipping both .vil and .hex files, I’d only have to ship the .vils, and the flash script would just run Vial to load the .vil into the keyboard EEPROM at the end of the process. Even if I got that to work, the main downside is that it would require everybody to install Vial on their computer first before they could run the firmware flash scripts, and it would have to be a custom version of Vial at that (unless I can submit my change to the author of Vial and get him to include it in a future release). It’s ultimately probably better for the firmware upgrade package to be able to work stand-alone (without a dependency on Vial), which is why I haven’t pursued this, either.

If anybody has a brilliant idea I haven’t considered, though, I’m all-ears…”

APL Key Set Model F XT Quality – combining Unsaver, Model M, and other APL layout styles

As requested, here is the APL key set that is ordering option for the new Model F XT quality key sets. As with the other key sets like JIS, any front printing has moved to the top of the key.

I have compared several sites discussing and showing photos of the various APL layouts and have added some keys to allow for both ANSI and ISO style APL layouts (though the Unicomp ISO Enter key will currently be only available separately).

What is the best color for the APL legends? I chose an orange that I expect will appear slightly faded or lighter than what is shown here.

The margins look tight but they will be the same as the Russian-Hebrew-English set posted a while back; a good amount of space on the left and right sides of the key tops.

In terms of alignment I wanted to keep it consistent with Zed’s right alignment on various sets including Russian-Hebrew-English, though the originals seem to have mostly been left aligned at a line slightly to the right of center of each key top.

The key sets can be ordered from the Full Key Set product page on the project web site – just pick the APL option as all of them from now on will be this new production set. Please note I still have some Unicomp APL sets which will be sent out unless you ask for me to wait until the new production set is in stock.

Model F bluetooth project success! 

Please see the below link – last year someone got their new Model F working with bluetooth.  I have asked the project creator to provide a tutorial and more details. If anyone else is working on a bluetooth project please let me know the results!

There are also two other projects not specific to the Model F that may work but are currently not tested with the Model F:

https://handheldsci.com/kb/

https://sterling-key.com

Discussion on the project philosophy; an explanation of the project characteristics

One challenge of a product requiring setup and maintenance is that some folks don’t think it’s worth the effort and they don’t want to do any of that even though all sorts of tech products require maintenance and repairs while most others don’t last long enough to require it. I recently had an interesting discussion with someone who wanted a completely setup- and maintenance- free new Model F keyboard and here is part of that discussion, including the challenges of doing that for small production runs with over a thousand possible keyboard variations while keeping pricing as low as possible for everyone.

For those reading this, how have you convinced yourself and others to put in the extra effort and learning needed to get the best of what’s out there, whether it is a new Model F or something else? Has anyone here convinced someone else to get into the world of mechanical keyboards?

Almost all repairs are rather straightforward after checking out the manual and its setup video to see what is expected: for example, using tweezers to put back a spring that is out of place or damaged or learning how to solder if the ribbon cable needs maintenance.

The question you have to ask yourself: Is it really worth it to spend ~1 hour or 2 of your time doing something else instead of following a step-by-step video and written manual, if it means you won’t be able to maximize typing comfort, speed, and accuracy during 10,000 hours of computer usage over the rest of your life, with a product designed by IBM to do just that? ~1 hour of work for 10,000 hours of benefit. For many people, they will avoid that work hour because they currently do not prioritize a “buy it for life” mindset and don’t want to check reviews and do the research needed to find the best things in life, whether it is a quality car, camera, computer, computer display, keyboard, vacation plan, etc. One goal of the project is to help folks learn how a small amount of extra effort results in disproportionately high rewards.

Your current options are to take an hour or so to learn how to set up and maintain a new Model F or for the expected thousands of hours you’ll be at your computer over the coming decades to go through a series of keyboards not designed by IBM through years of R&D for comfort, speed, and accuracy. Under a scenario with everything set up and taken care of for everyone, I would also have to hire local workers to install and test all the keyboards after each custom order is received because there are already hundreds of variations (not counting the dozens of key set options) and only a thousand or so keyboards in each production run (far too small a run to predict, factory install, and stock each needed variation), which is why they can’t come from the factory preinstalled. Regarding requiring no maintenance on your own, we would need service centers and distributors, genius bars, repair personnel, and tech support hotline workers, and everyone would pay a lot more on top of an already expensive keyboard to pay for this overhead (over a smaller order base, as some folks are priced out even with the current pricing), which is not feasible for such a small project as this one.

Would sales be higher or lower in this other market scenario? IBM had these significant advantages but they were able to charge an inflation-adjusted $800 to $1000 for this product that this new project charges a fraction of that amount, and even IBM/Lexmark couldn’t feasibly continue their buckling spring keyboard operations and support decades ago with a thousand-plus times the volume that we have today. Everyone won’t pay more for that convenience with a steep cost, especially when the keyboard is already so costly; only a far smaller number of folks could afford to do that. The philosophy of this project is that everyone can get repair kits now and learn how to maintain and use a Brand New Model F keyboard long after the project has ended and production has shut down.

Yes the keyboards are fully assembled except for the bumpers and key sets. The keyboards are tested before shipping both at the factory and by me before it goes out; installing keys is not required for testing thanks to pandrew’s signal level monitor which catches many but not all potential pcb issues.

Installing and removing keys, as well as permanently installing unprinted keys, was tried but it added a month or more of delay and it did not improve reliability, because things can still be bounced out of place and sometimes damaged during shipping. Permanently installing the dozens of available key sets would also significantly multiply the hundreds of current variations that have been made, so it would not be feasible for this project. With a larger operation selling thousands of keyboards each year and having the factory ship things out directly this would be doable but the project is far smaller than that.

Regarding things working right away out of the box, that is not the project philosophy or how the project was envisioned. Besides the logistical issues noted above, the project’s goal is to highlight the importance of learning how to set up and maintain your keyboard so that you can use it for many years long after the project has ended, as described further in the manual. Now everyone will become familiar with how to set up and fix small issues with their keyboard because they went through the setup video at the start of their new Model F usage and I am hopeful that this will help more people to feel confident enough to fix issues on their own without discarding the keyboard many years from now.

As part of the discussion I wanted to share one reply post from forum member thefarside:

“I agree with your philosophy and thankfully Model F keyboards don’t require much maintenance. I bought two F77 keyboards and other than installing the keys, they didn’t require anything else. I took one apart and it was very simple. Only two screws!

I prefer DIY and any efforts to keep the costs down. Didn’t IBM rent their 4704 keyboards for something like $100/month in the 1980s?

If you want something to last a long time you have to maintain it. Doesn’t matter what it is. For Model F keyboards my biggest concern would be having spare foam and most importantly, a spare controller.”

My reply: “Yes the keyboards were offered for a monthly rent of $20, $21, or $22 depending on F50/F62/F77 model as of the 1984 price guide (seems like the F107 came a little later?). That’s $60 or more per month in today’s dollars.”

Some additional writings of mine on this topic:

Over the years I have taken great interest in collecting and restoring consumer products and tools that are decades old, sometimes even about 100 years old, and still working just as well as the day they were made, including old electric Telechron / General Electric clocks, Western Electric rotary phones (candlesticks and 300-series phones), and of course the great IBM keyboards which led me to join these forums ten years ago. The main things they had in common were that they were built extremely well and these companies produced tons and tons of spare parts to keep their products running, what I aim for with the reproduction boards. For example the ancient metal framing square that I use for this project was in bad shape, completely rusted, but a vinegar bath brought it back to like new condition, and I am confident it can last for many more decades.

I have been having some interesting discussions over email with a number of folks about the battle between the competing ideologies of buy it for life, right (and responsibility) to maintain/repair etc. vs. the standard big company one-year unlimited warranty, planned obsolescence, and everything is done for you. While folks will disagree with one or the other stances, I offer my perspective in the writeup below, which has been added to the FAQ section on the product pages to help potential newcomers to the project. How can we get more non-disposable products into the world where appropriate?

“Is this type of keyboard right for me? More than 6,000 new Model F and Beam Spring keyboards have shipped to fans around the world in the past decade, but what am I really getting into here? Why would any keyboard require setup and maintenance? What should I expect? Am I willing to sacrifice some of my time to set up and maintain a keyboard that people have believed is worth maintaining for over 40 years, unlike nearly every other computer product that has come and gone?

Just as people have been doing for the past four decades with these keyboards on their own, for most things that come up you are expected to fix them. I am well aware this is not the standard attitude of manufacturers which sell you a short warranty, prevent you from maintaining your products afterwards, and want you to keep buying their products every few years after the previous one stops working. My goal with this product is that you buy it for life, tell your friends/family/coworkers about the project, and buy spare repair parts so if the project disappeared tomorrow you could still maintain and repair your keyboard 10 or 20 years from now. A key or spring not working? Take out your key puller! The good thing is that this is probably the most repairable mainstream, industrial-quality keyboard out there in widespread use and almost everything is easy to fix with nothing more than a screwdriver, key puller, tweezers, and pliers. Every single fix is spelled out with a step-by-step manual and video guide geared towards complete beginners.

A major part of the project philosophy is that you need to be self-sufficient and follow the manual which provides step-by step instructions, instead of trying to do things another way, and you agree to abide by the terms of this project in order to receive service in the event that something is not right (mainly you have to do the troubleshooting steps in the manual as the project doesn’t have the resources to hire folks to walk everyone through the manual on a one-on-one basis, and I am extremely busy coordinating the project and mailing out the order backlog (I’ve QCed and mailed out 6,000 keyboards and thousands of parts orders!).

This is not a hobbyist or kit project; the keyboard is fully assembled and every key position is tested, but there’s an exception: the user has to follow the step-by-step instructions to put on the keycaps and adjust any keys that are not working, and follow the other step by step instructions in the manual. The manual should not scare anyone; it includes every possible issue that could come up with the keyboard and the step by step way to fix it. Most folks only need a very small part of the manual, to install keycaps and adjust a few springs to get things fully working (it may take longer to go through the manual than to do the actual setup!). You won’t be left with a non-working keyboard if you follow the manual; the last step if the steps in the manual do not fix an issue is to contact me and I will help. To read more about the project philosophy, see the manual linked above.

To keep the cost of these keyboards as low as possible for people all around the world (so far to more than 70 countries!), and to avoid the need to charge everyone a lot more to pay for frequent mail-in repair service as with other products (think those $300 to $500 in-home or mail-in service warranties for prebuilt computer systems, etc.), this project has a different philosophy which empowers the end user to take responsibility for following the manual to set up and maintain their keyboard, instead of having others do the work for you; by ordering any item from this site you agree to abide by the project’s terms and conditions at the bottom of the home page and during checkout. One example is that this project’s concept of something being damaged or defective may be different from other standards, and you agree to accept these differences. For example, these products will come not completely working out of the box because you have to install the keycaps and set things up, which includes actions such as adjusting parts that are not perfect and exactly in place, including keys and springs. You don’t get to send everything back for someone else to do the work shown in the manual. Instead, you would go through the manual fully and contact me if the steps do not resolve the issue. Another example: all items sold here are made with cosmetic defects which are considered acceptable, such as surface variations for die cast and injection molded parts, minor paint chipping over time, and other things that you might just as likely see on the original IBM keyboards but not with other products. These defects have been vastly reduced with the later production rounds, however, so do not look to posts from years ago and judge the other 5,999 keyboards and later production rounds based on a few examples.

What attitude should I avoid? You can’t have the attitude “I won’t do what’s in the manual and I expect you to take it back and do the work for me.” It goes against everything explained here and it is why you have to agree to the terms and conditions before placing any order. This includes performing the troubleshooting steps that you are instructed to do, such as reseating and adjusting springs and other parts. If someone else is doing this work for you, you won’t become confident enough to be able to fix and maintain the board in the future and it will end up in a landfill, which is what I don’t want. This is not some product that is fully set up for you, just power it on and take it to the repair shop only for the duration of the one year warranty, and then get rid of it and buy the latest model when it breaks because of planned obsolescence and because it is not economical to repair. Do not try to come up with creative solutions to fix issues described in the manual; just follow each step in the manual which addresses every possibility including the last step that you need to email me, as a last resort, for support for something that is bad.

What if I am nervous? It is ok to not be confident about some parts of the manual especially if these types of keyboards are new to you, but once you learn it all becomes quite easy and it may only take you seconds or minutes to fix something in the future. No experience is needed to work on these keyboards. Over the years people have told me exactly this, so you should not worry, as long as you can follow along a step by step guide while being able to use a screwdriver, tweezers, pliers, and a key puller. If you’re unwilling to do what’s in the manual then you’ll have to ask a friend or family member for help as I can’t guide you. It’s not as difficult as programming the VCR, I promise!”

I am surprised how scary the phrase “some assembly required” is to some folks these days. I’ve always been used to putting together furniture, building computers from parts, and restoring vintage stuff to working condition so I do not associate high end with “no assembly required, maintenance-free.” For some things the whole point is in the joy of assembly (remember Lego bricks, K’NEX, Erector Set, Capsela, Lincoln Logs, etc.)

The new Model F project is here for the primary objective of creating lifelong Model F users who are confident enough to spend some time to set up and maintain these keyboards, not people who are used to a maintenance-free product that is discarded because no one knows how to fix it, and then it ends up in a landfill. Those folks may better be served with another product and there is no issue with discouraging folks who cannot adjust their outlook to match that of the project.

As was stated in the Project Management Triangle that I have brought up before, everyone would like products to be good, fast, and cheap but those are all opposing forces. To hire workers to assemble and mail orders faster would entail a higher cost. To set up keyboards for everyone (make it “good” for some perspectives) would require a higher cost. To keep the cost low, compromises have to be made and the biggest barrier to this project for most folks is the original $800 cost that IBM charged (adjusted for inflation). The first compromise was “fast” (speed) in that the project is essentially hand assembled with the help of some custom machines but with no expensive pick and place machines for keycaps, etc. Nothing matters if you are happy with the idea of a product that is high quality and fully ready to go, gets to you fast, has free tech support and no maintenance, if you can’t afford it to begin with because it has IBM’s price tag that was required to maintain all of IBM’s fixed costs including automated installation machines, assembly workers, and support personnel. I will continue to remain steadfast in the project philosophy choosing high quality products at the lowest possible price for the most part, in order to maximize the number of folks who can experience a Model F, while trying to set expectations with folks who don’t want to learn how to keep their keyboard working for life.

A suggestion about asking a US-based keyboard factory such as Unicomp to perform all of the setup labor for everyone highlights that some posters may not understand the differences between these two types of keyboards and about the nature of the opposing forces mentioned above. The Model M has zero parts that are shared with the Model F, with one exception: not even the springs and keycaps are the same, though the keys are compatible. The Model M I believe has a custom-made assembly jig that installs the keycaps, which would be cost prohibitive to remake and configure for the dozens of different keyboard layouts available on the Model F as opposed to the 4 layouts of the Model M (SSK and full size, ANSI and ISO for each). In other words these other factories would have to install keys by hand, so there are no savings with automation. This suggestion would only increase the cost of these keyboards because each person getting a keyboard would have to pay extra for someone to do the setup work for them. The only other alternative is to cheapen the quality of the keyboard to free up some of the cost to pay for assembly, which is not something I’d like to do. Unfortunately we just have to admit that there is not as large of a market for very high quality goods any more compared to what IBM was able to mass produce with their IBM PC’s in the 1980s. Even IBM admitted this as they eventually had to discontinue / spin off their buckling spring keyboard operations when the market changed in the 1990s. Eventually some product’s one-year support warranty will run out and then you’d be in the same place as you are when you get a Buy It For Life Model F keyboard, but with one difference: you wouldn’t necessarily know how easy it is to repair the keyboard so you remain too timid to keep that key puller and tweezers handy for a quick maintenance fix.

It seems like those willing to install a few keycaps for a Model M would be perfectly at home with the Model F, which would require no different skill set from what would be expected of you as a Model F user, except you’d need more time to install the keys yourself and you may need to spend a few minutes moving some springs back into place. It sounds scary but it is not; the video in the manual shows that it is an easy process that can be learned.

How many folks are willing to pay $575 and wait several extra weeks for an already costly $400 keyboard just to have a US-based warehouse to install the keys and adjust some of the springs, if some springs and keys still need adjustment after shipping anyways? Either way outside of service professionals making house calls you would end up in the same place as you are now.

The project has had zero changes in this philosophy for the past 8 years and 5,000+ people who have supported the project – everyone has had to set up their keyboard, whether or not the keys were preinstalled. Every now and then a discussion comes up where some folks are surprised that they have to install keycaps or perform small maintenance to keep their keyboard running. To those who have been maintaining and collecting original Model F keyboards, the need for some small maintenance is definitely no surprise and it is in line with my own experience. I’ve had to completely disassemble and reassemble my original Model F keyboards, sometimes more than once.

Having to install keys is not buried, it is noted on the home page and on every product page. Very few folks think that it is the most important thing about a keyboard as many other high end keyboards have their keycaps separately bagged.

In summary, I feel the project’s current stance on factory assembling as much as possible (everything but the keys and accessories), requiring everyone to learn how to set up and maintain their keyboards for life, and keeping the keyboards at less than half the cost of what IBM charged were the most important priorities that were achieved with this project.

So far I am unconvinced that the project could sustain even higher costs that would have to be passed on to each end user, or that volumes would increase so much from advertising these keyboards as having the keycaps pre-installed that the project would be able to recoup the additional costs by having a higher quantity of keyboards ordered. As some may recall, a couple hundred boards from the very first batch of some keyboard models had pre-installed blank keycaps with the factory adjusting key and spring seating where needed. In addition to the factory needing an extra month or two to perform this labor by hand, thus delaying the entire container shipment, these keyboards still needed some adjustment of springs and keys after they arrived off the container ship to me, and certainly some other keys fell out of place while in the final leg of transit from me to the end user. The time to adjust these keys even with a preinstalled board was not sustainable when trying to mail out a couple thousand boards and it resulted in everyone’s boards taking longer, both for the factory to install them and for me to test and adjust each key and move through the backlog. For this reason I don’t think installing keycaps is likely to reduce the need for any user setup and maintenance. I don’t see a “maintenance-free” Model F as possible without additional compromises around cost and/or quality or a network of repair folks like IBM had when they rented the 4704 Model F keyboards to bank branches.

Brand New Model F October 2024 Mini-Update: Keyboards arrived safely and have started shipping!

12/30/24 update: I have finished the Model M Style F104 and FSSK backlog for orders through the end of November 2024. All other stocked orders (including for Round 1 Beam Spring, F62/F77, compact F104/FSSK, and F15) should be going out in the next 1-2 months. F122 keyboards finished production and are currently undergoing assembly. Beam Spring keyboards were approved for mass production this month and are expected to be completed and delivered in 2025.

Original post:

When will my order ship? I hope to get out all the outstanding in stock orders over the remaining months of this year (October through December 2024). You will receive an email with a tracking number once your order is all done. In terms of the timeline from here, I cannot estimate the timeline for any specific order, so please do not email me asking for a personalized update on when your order will ship. All keyboard models are in stock, except for the F122 and Round 2 beam spring keyboards (see below for details). The compact F50 and split ortho are out of stock with no current plans to make more, though you can still order the NOS IBM classic style F50.

The F104 and FSSK container shipment has arrived and orders have started shipping!

Can I still order a new Model F or beam spring keyboard from the current stock and have it arrive soon? Yes, there is still time now to join in this month on the project and get a keyboard from the current stock, as I have ordered extras. All variations are available. The current discounted pricing is not guaranteed for the future and some keyboards have already started going up in price compared to the earlier discount as those keyboards are running out of stock, so I recommend joining the project this month and not waiting since you may be paying double or your favorite color or layout may no longer be available to order. If you are interested in skipping the line feel free to order the skip the line option mentioned below; otherwise you have to wait with everyone else in line! The project always has an order backlog, so please do not email me asking when your order will ship. The backlog is typically about a month or two for in stock items, sometimes longer.

Skip the line upgrade option still available: As always the first Classic F104 and Classic FSSK keyboards that have been going out are those who supported the project a little extra with the low serial/skip the line option, and then it will go out based on when each order was submitted, with the earliest orders going out first. There are many orders to go out so it will take a while. There is still time to send through a skip the line upgrade by placing a new order and picking free shipping at checkout to avoid additional shipping charges.

Now that Classic F104/Classic FSSK low serial orders have started shipping, just a reminder to check your junk folder in case the shipping confirmation email ends up there. This has happened a number of times from what folks have told me.

Let me know if your shipping address has changed (do not email me to say that your address is the same): Please email me if your mailing address has changed, if you have not already emailed me to confirm your latest address. I sent two email requests a couple months ago but you may not have received them. If I did not reply to your email, please assume it was not received and send me another email! If I replied to your email address change, then the change has been made and you do not need to email again, unless your address changed again.

What about the F122 and round 2 beam spring keyboards? Hopefully around year end the next container ship will be here or on its way here for the next batch, which will contain the F122 and beam spring keyboards. The factory is wrapping up assembly this month on the F122 keyboards, which have all finished production, and they are finishing up the final prototypes of each beam spring keyboard model for my review. The beam spring project has taken far longer than expected but since we may only do one production run, I want to make sure everything is correct.

Check the forums for the latest updates and photos: As a reminder, please remember to check out the Deskthority and geekhack project threads to see:

  • The latest updates and photos of the container shipments
  • The first photos of delivered keyboards
  • The first reviews of those who have received their new Model M style keyboards
  • The latest professional photos of dozens of the various combinations of case and keycap color combinations. All combinations of cases and keycap colors have been photographed, though not every set of the same keycap color has been photographed.
  • Many other discussion topics which are not summarized in this smaller update, as I normally do with updates that summarize the top discussions since the prior update post.
  • And more! Most questions have already been answered on the forums, which are linked below:

Deskthority project thread


geekhack project thread

Read the manual fully before touching your keyboard, even if you have experience with these old style keyboards: After your new Model F keyboard arrives, I strongly recommend starting from the beginning of the setup video and the written manual, to minimize the time you need to figure things out. Do not only watch the hour-long setup video, as there have been many changes and other required steps not shown in the video. Since so many keyboards have shipped in a short timespan, there have been a higher-than-usual number of questions from folks, and almost all of the questioners show that they did not read the manual, and the solution to their issue is in the manual. Don’t be one of those people and spend hours more than you need to set things up! A fix for every potential Model F issue is described in the written manual.

Brand New Model F June 2024 Update: F104 and FSSK completion, production photos and status, NOS IBM stash for sale, in the news, customer images, and more!

Here are all the models that are now being offered. There is still time to order the original project’s F62/F77 and other keyboards, but they are on a “while supplies last” basis.

Currently in stock: All F62 and F77, Ultra Compact F104, Ultra Compact FSSK, F15 Split Ergonomic, IBM NOS F50 macro pad (very limited quantity, see below for details)

Completed production and assembly; preparing to be packed on the container ship this month, delivery starting in late August once the shipping container is delivered to me: the metal case classic Model M style F104 and FSSK

Currently in production: the metal case classic Model M style F122 keyboards (expected to complete assembly in a month) and the Round 2 classic style Beam Spring keyboards (expected to complete assembly in a couple months, later this year)

Lead time: In stock keyboards and accessory orders typically go out within 1-4 weeks, as noted at the top of the homepage of the project website. Quantities of all of the older production models are running low so I definitely recommend picking one up, especially while the big discount remains in place for most variations. These include the F62, F77, compact F104/FSSK, and Round 1 beam spring boards. There are still some F15’s left. I have 1 or 2 split ortholinear boards left (please email me for details). I still have a few original round styrofoam packaging F77’s remaining, only available to those ordering a Premium serial with the keyboard and requesting this packaging – please message me for details on how to request this.

REQUEST: this week please share your photos, reviews, and postings on the Model F and Beam Spring Projects!

Please spend a few minutes this week to help the project: For those of you who have been using your Brand New Model F and Brand New Beam Spring keyboards, please do post a quick video on YouTube if you don’t mind! How do you like using your keyboard, how does it compare to your other keyboards, how was the setup experience, any recommendations and/or custom modifications, etc. A lot of folks find out about the project through YouTube nowadays. If you post a review please do set the title to something like “Brand New Model F Keyboards by Model F Labs review” or “Brand New Beam Spring Keyboards by Model F Labs review” – and let me know once you post as I want to share the various reviews, postings, and videos. Is there any feedback on the Model F ergo boards from folks who have been using them?

In the news: Game Rant, Techspot, Ars Technica, Shift Happens, and PC World!

It is a great honor to see that the new Classic F104 Model F keyboard has made it on Game Rant’s list of “The Best Retro Mechanical Keyboards for 2024”! https://gamerant.com/best-retro-mechanical-keyboards (Archived link)

Deskthority forum member thefarside has shared two news articles featuring the updated keyboards from the new Model F project:

“Model F keyboards was referenced in an article discussing a new 8BitDo keyboard” https://www.techspot.com/news/102437-8bitdo-pivots-pc-nostalgia-c64-style-mechanical-keyboard.html

To quote from the article: “Customers willing to spend extra money on a more varied selection of sturdier keyboards (or those who can’t give up a number pad) might want to shop at Model F Labs. The project offers accurately reproduced IBM Model F keyboards in multiple form factors.”

thefarside also notes: “Btw Model F Labs was mentioned in an Ars Technica about the new Windows copilot key. It sounds like Microsoft is assigning their AI key to F23.”
To quote from the article: “The 122-key keyboard layout with F23 lives on. Beyond people who still swear by old Model F and M keyboards, Model F Labs and Unicomp both currently sell modern buckling spring keyboards with built-in F23 buttons. Another reason a modern Windows PC user might have access to an F23 key is if they use a macro pad.”
https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2024/04/shoehorned-windows-copilot-key-is-just-a-reprogrammable-macro-journalist-shows/

Someone let me know that the New Model F project was mentioned in the Shift Happens book on keyboards! This is a very interesting project to document the various keyboards that have been made.

https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/mwichary/shift-happens

PC World posted an article on the April NYC Mechanical Keyboard meetup. The last photo in the article shows the new Model F project keyboards table (with an original 122 on it) and me testing out a nice original IBM F122 that someone else brought to the meetup:

https://www.pcworld.com/article/2303216/a-journey-to-nycs-mechanical-keyboard-mecca.html

Was the last project update back in February?

No; dozens of updates have been posted since February. You may see that updates are only once every few months on the blog, which summarize the frequent updates I have posted on the Deskthority and geekhack forums, so please head over there for the updates as they happen. Forum update posts will show the latest updates as soon as I have an update; the forums are a great place to chat about the new Model F and beam spring projects and keyboards in general. I only gather the postings on the project updates blog several times per year, so don’t only check the project web site for updates.

Celebrating 5,000 keyboards shipped! A major project milestone!

Earlier this year, the 5,000th Brand New Model F / Beam Spring Keyboard shipped! This is the combined total of all new Model F and Beam Spring keyboards that have been mailed out.

Production updates from the Model M style Model F keyboards (aka the “Round 2” boards)

F104 and FSSK production status summary: The factory expects to complete assembly of all F104 and FSSK and to be ready to load the goods onto the container ship in 1-2 weeks from now. Some of the powdercoating finishes and PCB ribbon cable soldering needed to be redone, which added some weeks to the earlier plan of completion in May. I am currently getting quotations for the shipping containers. Usually a container shipment takes about 8 weeks from departure to delivery, including the sailing time, ship unloading, customs processing, getting access to the container, arranging delivery trucking, etc.

F122 production status summary: The F122 will need about 5-6 more weeks. Everything is just about done; we are just waiting on the PCBs to finish (another couple weeks), and then they can install them into the inner assemblies and wrap everything up. So as to get the two most popular models (F104 and FSSK) out to everyone as soon as possible the F122 is going to be in the next container shipment in a couple months from now, along with the Round 2 beam spring keyboards. Even though it is far more costly to split the shipments into two containers I did not want the project to be delayed any further so we can get everything out as soon as possible.

At the beginning of April I approved production of the final part, the cases, one year and a day after the official announcement of the project on 3/31/23. The other keyboard parts were all completed, with the exception of bulky stuff that is easy and fast to make (namely, the boxes and outside foam packaging) which they don’t make early because it takes up lots of space in the warehouse.

After spending many months, the factory has achieved an excellent match both to the IBM Model F original 4704 and IBM beam spring off-white/beige color as well as to my reference IBM Industrial Model M industrial gray case color. As mentioned earlier, the texture will be a smoother, slightly more modern one, much less bumpy than the (also nice) 4704 keyboard texture.

These same colors were also approved for the beam spring cases, which is why the beige color was a compromise since the IBM beige color varied noticeably among the different powdercoated Model F keyboards and beam spring keyboards in my collection.

From top to bottom: Top photo: NOS IBM F50 (several are now available to buy at auction starting the day of this blog update post; see below for details), approved off-white/beige sample F122 case (sample inner assembly plate not painted), IBM original beam spring keyboard. Bottom photo: approved industrial gray sample case, NOS IBM Industrial Gray Model M case.

In early April, I approved production and assembly of the F122 inner assembly.

Below are the first photos of the approved F122 keyboard!

The F122 was a trickier PCB design. Once again a big thanks to forum member wcass (the designer of the PCBs for the capacitive projects) for this huge undertaking. There was an issue where a via was too close to a key pad, which resulted in a higher signal level only for that key. wcass updated the PCB by moving the via away from the key and rearranging some of the column ordering to facilitate placement of that via.

The PCB factory is currently working on completing the F122 PCBs and the new Leyden Jar controllers (the very first large production batch of these controllers; 2,000 ordered!). The rest of the F122 finished production so the factory just has to receive these completed parts, solder the controller, ribbon cable, and large capacitive PCB together, and then finish assembly. This is expected to be done over the coming weeks, so the F122 boards will be ready to go in the next container shipment with the beam spring boards, expected later this year. The factory had some issues with their F122 sample even though mine worked fine but they just ended up fixing it by using another capacitive board (one of the sample boards was defective or damaged). The new F122’s inner assembly did sit a little too high so the factory added some metal washers to the previous production sample, just as IBM did by adding a plastic spacer to some early 4704 F62 boards (the new Model F ones use metal as the plastic was prone to cracking).

In April we saw some good progress from the factory as they wrapped up Round 2 Model F production. Here is a photo of the die cast aluminum cases waiting to be powdercoated (these were all powdercoated as of this month):

I believe these were the final numbers for the first order of the Round 2 Model F keyboards:

Classic F104 900

Off-White/Beige 329
Industrial Gray 236
Black 180
Silver Gray 45
True Red 39
Dark Blue 38
Light Blue 33

Classic F122 400

Off-White/Beige 122
Industrial Gray 87
Black 71
Dark Blue 40
Silver Gray 29
Light Blue 28
True Red 23

Classic FSSK 400

Off-White/Beige 109
Industrial Gray 71
Light Blue 70
Black 54
Dark Blue 40
True Red 31
Silver Gray 24
Uncoated 1

The factory also reported in late April that the box production was completed. Two production box photos are below. As a reminder, the box design has been updated to be a folding box design to be closer to the design of the original IBM Model F XT and AT keyboard boxes instead of the prior boxes which were designed to be like the IBM Model M boxes. The artwork is just about unchanged except for the keyboard names.

I have updated the Model F product pages based on feedback that the web site should be more organized to help people who are not as familiar with all of the various options and features. There is now an explanation of each customizable feature and option plus an FAQ section on the various product pages. Feel free to check these pages out and let me know of any additional changes that would be helpful or things people wished were written on the site instead of having to dig down to find an answer.

To save time in the past the factory would start assembly with the foam/barrels/flippers (the most time consuming portion of assembly) and they store the inner assembly upside down while they wait for the PCBs to arrive and for the time they spend soldering the controller/ribbon cable/capacitive PCB. Also the Leyden Jar firmware has been fine tuned with some slight updates for the F122 and now it is working well.

Production updates from the Round 2 classic style Beam Spring keyboards

In early April I approved production and assembly of the beam spring modules, and I approved the color samples for the Model F and beam spring cases, which will have the same color options (see the above paragraphs). We still are waiting on the beam spring case sample, which should be completed closer to the end of this month. The case samples have taken much longer than expected to complete but I will not approve production of the cases until I receive working samples of each design.

Production and assembly of the beam spring modules were approved to start in April, with completion expected in July. So as to avoid any delays with the new Model F models, the beam spring keyboards are expected to be on a separate container shipment later this year.

Here are some photos of the updated April 2024 sample case with the updated Industrial Gray powdercoating. They sent this board to me for approval; after I approved it (with some corrections needed) they moved on to the next step of making samples of the other remaining boards. This board has a nice alignment of the keys and the top case from what I can see. I received this B104 Round 2 sample by air mail around the end of April and sent the factory some feedback. The new PCB was slightly misaligned so some keys were not working correctly and there were some small other issues so the factory will be working on remaking this sample and making the other keyboard model samples for approval.

The beam project has taken longer than expected and should be going out to everyone later this year along with the F122 keyboards. This will be several months after the Round 2 F104 and FSSK Model F keyboards go out (the F104 and FSSK are expected to arrive to me in late August). This may be the only production run of new beam spring keyboards, so I want to make them as nice as possible, even if it takes extra time. As always if you prefer not to wait you can switch your order to the Round 1 beam spring option by emailing me, since there is still some stock remaining of the Round 1 boards.

The key set pictured below is one of the two available options of production sets. The sets all completed production a while back and they are great quality. They started going out last year with the Round 1 beam spring keyboards.

The beam springs themselves can now be ordered separately at the below link. They are IBM spec and some folks have used them to repair original rusty or damaged IBM beam springs. https://www.modelfkeyboards.com/product/beam-spring-extras/

Pad Print Update (white text on black keys)

Back in March, the artwork file had to be created (repositioning Zed’s legends for the new file) for the new pad print jig, which has a different arrangement of keys compared to the dye sublimation jigs. The US art has been completed and confirmed, with the additional sets to follow. Next the factory has to create the physical artwork from the file and then start testing the machine with this artwork, both to confirm the alignment for each key within one key set is consistent (artwork distance from top and left edges of the key top surface), and the alignment among various key sets can be done consistently. This process has taken a very long time (the pad print tooling took far longer than expected) but we are getting closer to having pad printed buckling spring keys once more!

As always please do sign the interest form to reserve your pad printed set. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1873Q9wJFyNvJ4-TEBN6P9JbzaVxErbNd-h4XtN1DfNk

So far the major pad printing variable costs are the inks and the creation of the plate (a separate plate is required for each set of keys). The key cap colors can vary though I am not sure if white pad printing will show up adequately on some of the key colors. They completed the first plate for the US set and based on demand, additional plates will be created. Each plate costs a lot so there will need to be minimum order quantities of at least 5 sets for the other sets before they can proceed to production. Unfortunately due to the delay in making working black ISO enter keys (see below for the update), ISO pad printed sets will not be available unless you accept another color ISO Enter key that is not pad printed.

As of late May, here is the latest factory photo showing a test print. This is not yet approved for production. They still need to fine tune the alignment to make it more consistent; a few keys on one side look to have been double printed and a number keys did not have full contact, such as tab. They said that the machine they recommended did not have enough pressure for pad printing the new Model F keys, so they are spending a couple weeks to build another machine that has higher pressure capability. The custom equipment pictured below was the big time commitment whereas the actual machine is standardized so they just need to switch the custom tooling to the new machine instead of needing to do all of the custom stuff again. They said they expect to wrap up the pad print process around month end!

Leyden Jar update
As mentioned earlier, the first production batch of 2,000 Leyden Jar controllers was just ordered and they are now in production. These controllers will be initially used on the keyboards that make use of additional columns in the capacitive PCB design (F122, B122, B104) and eventually will be used in all keyboards once supply of the xwhatsit controllers is depleted.

In May, Rico published the open source Leyden Jar diagnostic tool. Now all the project files are ready for future development work to add support for additional keyboards, maybe even non-Model F / beam spring keyboards! https://github.com/mymakercorner/Leyden_Jar_Diagnostic_Tool

Just this week, Rico finished work on all of the firmware files for all of the variations of the F122, B122, and B104, and I have sent these files to the factory as they start testing the B122 and B104 samples.

New Old Stock Stash of IBM Model F Keyboards found! Now available for sale

Product page: https://www.modelfkeyboards.com/product/original-ibm-model-f-metal-case-50-key-f50-keyboard-part-6019273/

Google Form to bid:  https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1QVkCcHxkNwlX9CUsXM5F-8JJZcwBD4yu4RlHRdxBT1Q/

Recently one of my recycler contacts came across a batch of brand new old stock (NOS) IBM 4704 F50 50-key macro pad keyboards, part number IBM 6019273. They are without the original packaging and have wear/some paint loss from storage and handling not in the original packaging. It looks like most were manufactured in 1990. As is common with these keyboards, flippers/springs can be removed to fit larger keys, such as a 2U horizontal or 2U vertical key, so you could even make the rightmost block of this keyboard into the number pad block found on an IBM Model M keyboard.

The keyboards in this group buy will come with a USB-C cable, USB-C Pro Micro, and xwhatsit-based pandrew 4704 controller that you can use to get it working with modern computers (you have to solder this or pay someone to do this as I do not provide a soldering service). You only get what is pictured, no other keys and no relegendables are included.  The optional keyboard foot bar is not included. You won’t get the exact pictured keyboard; some are missing the cloth tag, others are missing the little green tape around the cord.

In order to fairly allocate the few available NOS IBM F50 keyboards, a pay-as-bid auction starts today. In summary, everyone submits a best offer and I choose which offers to accept. The way this works is that you fill out this Google Form noting the maximum amount you are willing to pay and the quantity you want (quantities are strictly limited to a maximum of 2 keyboards per person). If you are selected as the winner, you pay the amount that you bid. I may allocate only 5 or so keyboards this year for the current auction, depending on the demand, with the remaining keyboards to be auctioned off next year and in subsequent years. The winners will be accepted at different times over the coming months based on the strength of the bid (the stronger/higher the bid, the more likely it will be accepted sooner rather than later), meaning you may not hear back from me for months on the outcome of your bid, if at all.

In terms of pricing, 25 new production compact F50 keyboards sold out quickly at the $399 price determined by reverse/Dutch auction, so the bidding for these keyboards will start there, but please do not bid $400 as I won’t be awarding any keyboards near that level.

Original IBM keyboards have become extremely collectible in recent years. An original IBM F62 Kishsaver sold last month for $7,500 on eBay, and other models have sold for $1,000 and higher in recent months: https://www.ebay.com/itm/176368326890

Photos of one of these keyboards (all keyboards will vary in appearance and may have more or less scuffs, paint loss, and other damage but all are NOS):  https://imgur.com/a/8jGOQuw

I would have liked to keep these in my collection since it is nearly impossible that I will be lucky enough to find these keyboards ever again as most have been destroyed by now*, but the proceeds from this auction will be used to help cover the tens of thousands of dollars in project cost overruns incurred over the years, including prototype costs and many express air mail costs from the factories.

*Many forum members remember all the efforts several years ago to deal with the bank manager who had the room full of original Kishsaver F62 keyboards but was difficult to deal with (for those who have not heard of this story before, the bank manager had the Kishsavers all put in a metal shredder and completely destroyed) – that story stands out most for me. Similarly, another recycler sold me some refurbished/repainted F50s many years ago, but when I had contacted them a year or so later, in the time since I contacted them, they had sadly sent all of the unsold F50 keyboards overseas to be destroyed and melted down for scrap metal.

New York City Meetups

The April 2024 meetup I attended was completely sold out, and the upcoming July 2024 meetup that I’ll also be attending is almost completely sold out now; there are still a few tickets left if you want to go. Due to its popularity the venue has moved to one with a much larger capacity.

https://www.eventbrite.com/e/nyc-mechanical-keyboard-meetup-july-2024-tickets-908852882437

Here are photos from the April meetup. Over 150 people attended. I brought the approved Classic F104, Classic F77, and a Round 2 beam spring keyboard for everyone to try out.

https://nyckeyboardmeetup.com/events/20240406

Additional keys update (ISO Enter non-stepped, PC AT Big Enter, Code key):

Back in March, the mold needed to be adjusted as the key quality was not good enough. The factory reported that the mold had been updated and they sent some samples to the sublimation factory for evaluation. Unfortunately the factory did produce a small batch of these keys a little later but for an unknown reason, they made some changes to the mold without my approval and the keys did not all buckle reliably, which is not acceptable, so I am now looking for another factory to complete this work. Until working samples are approved and production finishes, I will not be accepting orders for these 3 keys.

Photos, reviews, and postings on the Model F and Beam Spring Projects – some recent ones are below

Here is a nice review on the new Model F F77 keyboard:

reddit member Grianaig has posted a nice update including photos showing the classic case F62 being setup and the finished product as well. I especially like the photo of the keyboard during the keycap installation process, properly oriented vertically, spacebar end up. https://www.reddit.com/r/modelf/comments/1beg69i/my_new_model_f_labs_f62_pictures/

A review and photo of the new Model F Ergo board from someone who can type over 100 WPM!
https://www.reddit.com/r/MechanicalKeyboards/comments/18a59ed/my_model_f_ergodox_finally_arrived/

Here’s a photo and mini-review of the compact F104 in true red with blue keys:
https://www.reddit.com/r/MechanicalKeyboards/comments/1899ku6/because_sometimes_you_just_want_different_things/

And from the same poster, the compact f77 in true red with dark gray keys:
https://www.reddit.com/r/MechanicalKeyboards/comments/177gl1o/we_need_more_77_key_layouts_like_this/

Here’s a recent posting of a classic F62 with HHKB style split right shift:
https://www.reddit.com/r/MechanicalKeyboards/comments/1904d9z/finally_done_setting_up_my_new_model_f_quite/

Here is a photo and mini-review of the brand new round 1 beam spring keyboard with the MT3 Dasher key set: https://www.reddit.com/r/MechanicalKeyboards/comments/192u43p/xmas_present_beam_spring_round_1_ssk_wmt3_dasher

Potential sound reduction mod

I was recently made aware of a mod to reduce high frequency sounds for keyboards with large PCBs underneath all the keys. I don’t recommend this but would someone tape over or under a capacitive Model F keyboard’s PCB? Or maybe that would affect capacitive sensing or do other damage. Could something non-adhesive be used if it is thin enough? Maybe like an ultra thin silicone sheet (as thin as 0.1mm) or painter’s tape as shown in this video?

Floss mod

Regarding floss mods, I was sent the following note: “I immediately did the floss mod. I didn’t have that super-floss, but I did have waxed thread for leather work. I used that instead. I can’t compare to floss, but it works great. I have needed to redo some keys that have redeveloped the ping, but I believe that is because I cut the thread too short.”

Do any folks know of places outside of reddit, keebtalk, and geekhack where folks are posting about Model F and Beam Spring keyboards? I’d like to see these posts as I don’t know where to check. I like the idea of a project thread and folks can post their feedback all in one centralized place instead of posting new threads on each new Model F topic for example.

There are a lot of great topics that could be discussed even more on the forums, to chat about various mods and other ways to improve the project, such as specific recommendations for various topics: getting the word out on social media and on other forums about these great old style keyboards, encouraging folks to provide feedback on their new Model F and beam spring experiences and on updating and/or simplifying the manual, working with the factories for even more detailed updates and photos, updating the web site design and content, etc. that might be helpful to discuss here. I am seeing some Model F and beam spring postings on the other forums which is great.

There are a lot of projects that started here on the various mechanical keyboard forums and grew thanks to the feedback and active discussions over the past decade or more, including Soarer’s converter and the xwhatsit controller and all the later controllers that came from it.

I believe that these and other forum projects directly saved many old Model F keyboards from the landfill as they allowed the keyboards to be usable once more with computers, increasing demand enough for electronics recyclers to start paying extra attention to looking for them while sorting, and therefore allowing many more folks to use these great old keyboards.

Reports of stolen Model F keyboards – please be on the lookout for these and let me know if you come across any of these for sale, or those whose serial labels are removed or not shown in any of the listing photos

Most recently, I wanted to share a report that black case Compact FSSK keyboard serial 193 has been reported stolen – everyone please do keep an eye out for it on the various marketplaces.

These reports do help, as at least one board did end up being returned which was listed on eBay. The seller was a third party that did not realize the provenance and was fully cooperative. Even if the serial is defaced that would be a giveaway that the board is suspect. I log who gets each serial so I can confirm the board is ok. Some people thankfully have been contacting me to check that a particular listing is legit.

I believe here is the list of currently lost/stolen keyboards and their serial numbers, though it may not be 100% correct:
F62 110
F62 127
COMPACT F77 72219** (last two digits hidden for privacy)
F77 1142
F77 225
F77 1155
F77 1849
F77 208
COMPACT F104 11
COMPACT FSSK 193

F122 Beige Serial 5

Types of keyboards to look out for if the serial is not pictured (please note, another key set from what is listed below may have been substituted):

Compact FSSK Black

Compact F104 Black
Regular printed key set (US ANSI layout)

Classic F77 Split Right Shift and Split Backspace Layout
Industrial Gray
Regular printed key set (US ANSI layout)

Classic F77 Standard (ANSI or ISO) Layout
Black

Classic F62 Split Right Shift and Split Backspace Layout
Black
Black Unprinted

Classic F77 Split Right Shift and 2U backspace Layout
Industrial Gray
Regular printed key set (US ANSI layout)

Classic F77 ANSI Layout
Industrial Gray
Regular printed key set (US/ANSI layout)

Compact F77 ANSI Layout
Black
Regular printed key set (US/ANSI layout)

Here is an interesting video posted many years ago on IBM Model F keyboard assembly

I received some interesting feedback on repairing broken keys and modifying tweezers to insert springs – probably best to replace the key but if it is a rare/original key this may be useful:

“If a bit of a key breaks off, quick drying superglue won’t work. The keys seem almost
made of the same material as the cap of the glue. But what does work is this:

One layer of epoxy two component glue on both sides, then the superglue that
attaches to the epoxy…Also, if you dip your tweezers in some glue or epoxy before using it, and dry it
out of course, it’s much softer on the springs and easier to insert and press down.”

Discussion on spring replacement techniques

Over on the Deskthority forum there was some good discussion last month on replacing springs. I have copied my reply below. If anyone else has suggestions or comments please let me know and share your thoughts! https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=28652

“I recommend keeping the keyboard vertical, space bar end up when installing the spring just as with installing the keys, so that the spring is resting at the bottom of the barrel when it is installed.

The best tweezers are those that have a beveled/angled edge but a few centimeters at the end being flat, and possibly serrated. My pair of tweezers is old and I can’t find it for sale but if anyone has links to recommendations please share them.

Also be sure to install the spring at the 12 o’clock position, which means the spring end would be at the bottom when the keyboard is vertically as noted above. If you install it spring end up the key will not reliably buckle.

Some other methods of spring installation are mentioned on the forums as well as in the manual, such as the chopstick/toothpick method (breaking off one end so that the end is flat), or using a small eyeglass screwdriver whose diameter matches the spring’s inner diameter and the overall length of the remaining cylinder is shorter than the length of the compressed spring (I have such a tool where I have cut off the edge so it is flat and not beveled).

It definitely takes some practice to install the springs correctly but this is probably the most valuable lesson to learn if you want to maintain a Model F keyboard, whether IBM or the new ones. The springs do bounce around in shipping and sometimes move slightly out of the approved position as installed by the factory, so that is why it’s mentioned that it is to be expected that you have to reinstall some of the springs.

There could be an issue with the flipper getting stuck, which is why the manual notes to confirm that the flipper has free movement. If all else fails you may want to replace the flipper and spring entirely but that does involve spending 10 to 20 minutes to take off all the keys and open up the board. Even I have to do this occasionally to fix a persistent issue.

Here are some possibilities – not sure if they are good:
https://www.techni-tool.com/category/Hand-And-Power-Tools/Hand-Tools/Tweezers/All-Purpose-Tweezers/10002797-18484
https://www.techni-tool.com/product/445-193-18485
https://www.techni-tool.com/category/Hand-And-Power-Tools/Hand-Tools/Tweezers/Economy-Tweezers/437-910-18489
https://www.techni-tool.com/category/Hand-And-Power-Tools/Hand-Tools/Tweezers/All-Purpose-Tweezers/10063004-10063004
https://www.techni-tool.com/category/Hand-And-Power-Tools/Hand-Tools/Tweezers/All-Purpose-Tweezers/10063005-10063005
https://www.amazon.com/Stainless-Tweezers-Dressing-Forceps-Serrated/dp/B00EKQ7FZI/

My own tweezers used for reinstalling springs – has anyone come across something like the below tweezers, with a straight end part and an angled edge as shown below?

Here is some feedback shared with me on working with Vial on Debian

“In case it helps future travelers, this is how I changed the keyboard layout on debian:

sudo apt install python3 python3-tk tk-dev build-essential zlib1g-dev libffi-dev libssl-dev libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev liblzma-dev libncurses-dev libusb-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev git curl
curl https://pyenv.run | bash
git clone https://github.com/vial-kb/vial-gui.git
cd vial-gui
pyenv install 3.6.15
pyenv virtualenv 3.6.15 vial
pyenv activate vial
pip install -r requirements.txt
fbs run

At this point, vial-gui was able to detect both halves of the keyboard. Updating the keyboard layout ended up being a lot easier than I expected!

In the docs, its probably worth having a section for “checking if vial is already installed” (I think that looks like running vial-gui)

The vial.rocks website is absolutely awesome, but it wasn’t able to connect to either keyboard half from firefox or chromium on Debian. Relying on the WebUSB/Web Serial to verify vial is already installed on the keyboard might not be as foolproof as vial-gui.”

Brand New Model F February 2024 Update: in the media, final sale, production status, article from the Model F inventor, firmware updates, customer images, and more!

Here are the new models that are now being offered. There is still time to order the original project’s F62/F77 keyboards, but they are on a “while supplies last” basis.

Currently in stock: All F62 and F77, Ultra Compact F104, Ultra Compact FSSK, F15 Split Ergonomic, F50 macro pad, and the Split Ortholinear keyboard (one left of this model – email me if interested)

Currently in production: The 3 metal case classic Model M style F104, FSSK, and F122 keyboards and the Round 2 classic style Beam Spring keyboards

You may see that updates are only once every few months on the blog, which summarize the frequent updates posted on the Deskthority and geekhack forums, so please head over there for the updates as they happen. Forum update posts will show the latest updates as soon as I have an update; the forums are a great place to chat about the new Model F and beam spring projects and keyboards in general.

Currently the order backlog for in stock items is down to about one month, as it has been for the past few months. Just about everything is in stock, outside of the Round 2 stuff, pad printed keys, and new keycap designs.

As a reminder I definitely recommend ordering the Low / Custom Serial/Production Date “Skip the Line” option to wait the shortest possible amount of time. To upgrade an existing order, please order this store item and choose free/other shipping at checkout, immediately before clicking Place Order. This will also be a great way of supporting the project a little extra to help cover the tens of thousands of dollars in project cost overruns.

Linus Tech Tips

It is a great honor for the New Model F to have been shown in the Linus Tech Tips tech upgrade video posted today!

Alex from LTT had the Brand New Ultra Compact F104 keyboard custom finished at an automotive paint shop and the result looks nice! It is great to see folks customizing their Model F keyboards!

Direct link to the keyboard portion of the video: https://youtu.be/b5hZVDoifHo?si=BCAgG5l1mYC9Out2&t=1200

The Model F has made it to the PC World Best Mechanical Keyboards of 2023 list! A nice honor for the project.

https://www.pcworld.com/article/1966306/best-mechanical-keyboards.html

Recently a great review of the new Model F keyboard (Ultra Compact F77 variation) was posted on EuroGamer

https://www.eurogamer.net/digitalfoundry-2023-model-f-labs-f77-ultra-compact-review-a-keyboard-from-a-by-gone-age

Featured in Hypebeast and JJJJound

A design studio and retailer company, JJJJound, purchased some F62 keyboards with a custom keycap design with the intention of reselling. They posted the product today on their blog and everything sold out within one day. (n.b., I still have stock of F62 and F77!).

https://hypebeast.com/2023/12/jjjjound-vintage-mechanical-keyboard

https://www.jjjjound.com/en-jp/blogs/projects/jjjjound-mechanical-keyboard

I have been in talks with other companies to resell / distribute the new Model F keyboards (for example, to have some inventory stock in Europe for faster shipping) but so far no one else has taken this on. Let me know if you are interested in this or can help in any way.

Having shipped more than 4,900 boards, there are quite a few reviews and postings. I have compiled dozens and dozens of reviews and postings on the Model F and beam spring keyboards here: https://www.modelfkeyboards.com/press/

Final sale on the out of production keyboards (F62 / F77 / Round 1 F104 FSSK B104 and BSSK)

Currently the keyboards are discounted about 50% or more and some now sell for less than $200. If you have been holding off joining the project due to lack of funds or because these boards were not affordable now is the time to get a new Model F or beam spring! A lot of folks who have a new Model F are picking up a spare to use at another computer or to keep for future usage.

After 8 years (doesn’t time fly! Does 2015 seem a long time ago to everyone here?) these earlier projects are finally winding down. Now is the last chance to get these keyboards. Currently all variations are in stock and expected to ship within 1-4 weeks as I move through the backlog.

Once most of the stock sells out over the coming months, pricing is expected to go back up for those who want any of the final remaining boards. So far more than 4,900 Brand New Model F and Beam Spring keyboards have shipped, with many more in the queue as we wait for the factory to wrap up production.

I also have a number of factory soldered controllers+ribbon cables+capacitive PCBs for the F62 and F77 models. If you are looking to upgrade your keyboard to have the latest USB-C controller or if you want to pick up a drop-in spare replacement please feel free to order the controller plus 30 units of the store item $1 increments which includes the PCB and factory labor costs.

Production Status – when are my orders arriving!

The Round 2 Model F and Beam Spring boards should be wrapping up production and assembly over the next few months and arriving to me around mid-year, a delay from the original expectation of being completed around this current time. All these Round 2 boards should be going out at the same time once they arrive on the container ship, so if someone decides to order an additional board and they have two boards on order then they usually get to skip the additional line and have both boards go out in the same shipment and at the same point in line as their first board.

After assembly and packing is completed, we then have 6-8 weeks for the container shipment and arranging local delivery to me. As I always say, we are at the mercy of the factories for their production timeframes. This low volume project is far from the highest priority but I am thankful that the project can exist without economies of scale.

The factories all understand that the quality control is very important for all these parts so we prefer that they get things right even if it delays things.

A few folks have asked me to switch them to in-stock round 1 boards, such as the ultra compact F104, ultra compact FSSK, ultra compact B104, and ultra compact BSSK, if they prefer not to wait. If interested, please email me as I still have some of these boards left but stock is low and they will not be made again.

Model F specific production status details

Round 2 Model F classic style cases: They made the batch of black cases but we still need to finish the other cases and finish assembly. The factory needs to confirm the finalized case colors and texture before powdercoating can start.

Inner assembly (all F104 and FSSK inner assemblies have been produced and assembled, including the barrels, flippers, PCB, inner foam, and clear mylar sheet).

F122: the F122 sample inner assembly still needs to be approved before F122 TIA and BIA production can start. I am currently evaluating the latest F122 keyboard. So far I see no errors with the inner assemblies.

Keycaps: in preparation for the new boards, I ordered several thousand extra key sets and miscellaneous extra keys which were all completed and are currently on hand, so we do not need to wait for keycap production for the new Model F keyboard designs.

Boxes: the new folding style boxes have been approved for production for all Model F and beam spring boards; the artwork remains the same as before. More details on these boxes are below.

Outside protective foam: has been approved for production. These will be end cap pieces similar to those of the latest classic style F77.

While this does not hold up any Model F production, unfortunately there were production issues with the small batch of new keys for ISO Enter, Code, and PC AT Big Enter. The factory is working on remaking this batch (photos shown below). They will be available in pebble, ISSK Blue, black, and dark gray. As always everyone interested in reserving one of these keys (alone or as part of a set) please sign the Google Form: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1vsamkl_jOqp6wAEfZGeivQZ8ZaibpoT0WQkDG39r08Q/

If anyone prefers not to wait and wants to switch to a Round 1 Model F board please let me know by email as I still have some units remaining.

Beam spring production status details

The Round 2 boards still need to finish production and assembly, so I hope that they can arrive to me later this year, around mid-year. As mentioned before things have been delayed from the original hope that they be completed earlier. Like with the Brand New Model F Keyboards project, no one aspect has bottlenecked the project and caused the delay but a number of aspects have taken longer than expected. The factory has their new year break for the next few weeks so things will continue after then.

Same as with the Model F noted above: If anyone prefers not to wait and wants to switch to a Round 1 beam spring board please let me know by email as I still have some units remaining.

Beam modules parts A and B:
Recently completed, but there was an error with part B discovered just before the new year break for the factories, so these parts need to be remade. These took over one year to produce, much longer than expected. Over a hundred thousand parts of each type were produced.

Beam module part B’s (the white part’s) assembly with its metal part has been improved for a nicer looking rounded assembly finish on the nub that is below the metal part. The factory has made thousands of these as part of the updated beam modules (all the ones with the press fit washers on top) and they are nice.

Metal parts for the modules:
The new modules from this February batch now sound great and were just approved for production yesterday, so we are just waiting on part B to be remade. A month earlier I noted this: The new modules using the older metal part for beam flipper sound great and are very close to the IBM originals. The tooling for the metal part for the beam flipper was updated last year but the updated tooling designed to get things even closer needs some work to get the modules as good sounding as possible.

The updated press fit washer mold for the beam modules:
Has been completed and approved, and I believe the factory has finished production of these parts if I remember correctly. This is an update over the original glued metal washer design; it allows for quick and toolless disassembly and repair of the beam modules.

Cases:
All but the beige and industrial gray case colors were approved (I want the colors to be even more accurate to the IBM originals so I rejected those two samples). The paint texture finish is not yet finalized.

Capacitive and controller PCBs:
wcass and Rico have finished the PCBs for the various beam spring models and I ordered the updated samples a few days ago. Rico’s Leyden Jar Rev 3 controller is so far working flawlessly in my testing and these will be the default controllers for the B104 and B122 (plus the F122), though the controllers will hopefully have firmware for all the various Model F and Beam Spring models in the future. As mentioned before, after the ATMEGA32’s run out I expect everything to have the Leyden Jar as the factory-installed controller.

Keys:
The PBT double shot keys and wcass xwhatsit controllers were completed last year.

Boxes:
The box designs have been finalized. The art will be just about the same as the Round 1 boxes shown on the project web site, but the boxes themselves will switch to a tab locking foldable design similar to the boxes IBM used for the original IBM Model F XT and AT keyboards (more details below). I have approved the box designs for production.

The outside protective foam:
Will be similar to the end cap style used on the final production round classic F77 Model F keyboards; after the keyboard samples are approved then they can make the cutting tool for this foam.

Inner foam:
The inner foam that goes between the tops of the modules and the top inner assembly will be evaluated with the forthcoming samples.

Working sample status:
The factory still needs to produce fully working samples of each beam spring keyboard model for my approval, and then mass production and assembly of the remaining case parts can start. The tooling for these cases took months longer than expected to complete. The sample cases and their TIA/BIA’s are completed and are now waiting to be powdercoated and assembled.

Major project milestone

The project has passed $3 million in orders! It is great to know there has been so much interest in the old beam spring and Model F keyboards.

Beam spring cases detailed production update

The factory has needed extra time to perfect the tooling for the cases and expects to finish up with the samples of each keyboard model in March (they already finished making the samples of each keyboard’s case, bottom inner assembly, and top inner assembly so we are just waiting up on the plating and powdercoating finishes to be completed). Here is an interesting video showing how the factory makes the curve on each beam spring case. The video shows them testing the curve on some test metal instead of what would be the final case.

Here are some photos of the uncoated aluminum beam case prototypes from the new tooling. They are made from a flat piece of aluminum cut and folded/bent into shape.  The samples show the cases without the finishing operations which is why things don’t line up 100% as with a finished product.

New BSSK layout with split backspace and right shift

Thanks to Fond Lion, there is a new layout option available for Round 2. Previously only the B62 offered a split right shift with the option of a split backspace. This option is only for the BSSK – please contact me to arrange paying for the additional tooling costs for the F104 for example.

You can upgrade an existing order or order a new keyboard with this layout.

Just like with the other custom tooling project (cut out full 5×3 right side block), the tooling was paid for in advance and folks will pay the person directly to take part in it. This modification is ANSI only, ISO is not available with this mod.

To upgrade, please order the BSSK with ANSI layout on the project web site (or reference a previous BSSK order if applicable) and then PM Fond Lion directly to arrange payment to Fond Lion. After payment is completed and I am notified by Fond Lion, I will upgrade your order. The price for the upgrade is $200 (or $100 for people who can’t afford it otherwise). If you are not a Deskthority member feel free to email me and I will pass along your information to Fond Lion over email.

https://www.modelfkeyboards.com/product/beam-spring-keyboard/

December Meetup

Nice seeing everyone at the NYC mechanical keyboard meetup! There was a great turnout and a good amount of enthusiasm for the old style keyboards. Always nice to put the faces to the user names of some GH, reddit, and DT forum members. I brought the Round 2 B104, Round 2 F104, Round 1 Beam 104, and Classic Case F77 to the meetup where folks got to try them out and compare them with other keyboards the people brought.

Two Model F history resources: the original development of the Model F and IBM 4700 development

First article:

The inventor of the Model F keyboard, Dick Harris, has written an article and shared some videos about the development of the “Keyboard F” as it was initially known:

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=28325

A big thanks to Deskthority forum member SneakyRobb for sharing this.

Second article:

Here is a great original IBM 4700 system guide book linked to by sharktastica on another thread:

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=517054#p517054

https://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/4700/GC31-2018-3_Finance_Communication_System_Installation_Planning_upd198311.pdf

It includes some photos and expected specifications of the keyboards.

Deskthority forum member thefarside created a helpful post (linked above) showing the highlights from the above-linked PDF. It is interesting to see how different the F77 final weight ended up being (7.5 pounds for IBM’s F77 compared to the 4.4 pound estimate!). The XT style layout in that photo appears to be a non-functioning mockup? There appears to be no room below the keys for them to be pressed down, most noticeably for the Enter key.

Pad print update

The corrected pad printing jig was completed in mid-November and the factory then was able to move to the next step to further adjust the custom-made pad printing machine for this pad printing. The process has taken far longer than expected. The first jig had some errors and had to be redesigned.

This month I will be submitting the artwork to the factory for the first testing with production artwork, which is expected to be the same as the art used for the sublimated keys.

As always please do sign the interest form to reserve your pad printed set. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1873Q9wJFyNvJ4-TEBN6P9JbzaVxErbNd-h4XtN1DfNk

We are still not decided on UV coating vs uncoated for the pad printing. I think the uncoated looks nicer and closer to the IBM originals but the UV coating may add some extra longevity to the keys which of course wear down with usage.

New additional keys production photos (the status update is above in the production status section)

Can you really tell how good these keyboards are from pressing a key a few times or using a switch tester?

For a Model F switch tester, some folks think they will just order the keycap (Extra Keys product page), barrel, and flipper with spring. Or they will just buy a beam module to test out the new beam spring keyboards.

To be honest, trying one switch is not a good way of deciding whether you like the Model F or Beam Spring keyboard. What I recommend is to buy the lowest cost Model F or beam spring keyboard in the shop and see if you like it. If not, you can always sell it on reddit mechmarket or eBay. It would probably cost you, net, the same either way.

Clicking one switch doesn’t convey the overall accuracy, comfort, and typing experience of using a Model F or beam spring keyboard for extended typing sessions. These keyboards prove themselves through long typing sessions, where the components interact with the big metal plates to make the best typing experience with solidly built components making up a keyboard that folks have used for decades, instead of most keyboards which weigh 80% less, are mostly plastic, and use pad printed legends (instead of dye sublimated or double shot legends on the F and beam spring boards, respectively); these cost-based compromises make them not destined to last more than several years of intense usage. You can’t really tell how good these IBM-designed keyboard technologies are from pressing one switch a few times outside of the keyboard. Reminds me of the Pepsi Challenge from many years ago. If I remember correctly, when an academic study was done to evaluate the veracity of this challenge, most folks preferred a sip of Pepsi but overwhelmingly preferred Coke once they drank the full contents of each can.

To quote one user comparing Model F and Model M keyboards:

“My opinion echoes others: the M is a fantastic keyboard, but the F is noticeably better. The technical differences between the switches are minor on paper, but they become amplified when you adapt a light typing style, and compound further if you have to type a lot.

The light typing style is the key here: if you’re a heavy typist, there’s almost no difference between an F and M. When you type lightly, the small details in the design start to creep up. Both keyboards allow for light typing due to how buckling springs work in general, but the lighter keystroke that the F’s capacitive switch uses, combined with the ever-so-slightly more accurate “snappier” feeling actuation, add up to a more accurate feeling, less fatiguing board overall.

These are differences you feel a little bit moment-to moment, but a lot more after extended typing sessions. If you’re typing a one page essay, this may not be noticeable at all. If you’re typing 20 pages of documentation or coding all day, 5 days a week, the M becomes noticeably more fatiguing and less accurate than the F. Not a bad board, I must emphasize, just noticeably not as good as the original!

The F is closer to perfection. It’s not a great value like the M, and the differences between the two boards are ultimately not mind blowing, but sometimes it’s worth reaching for that next level up in design perfection.

Especially if you type as much as I do.”

And here is a quote from someone comparing the beam spring to the Model F and prefers the beam spring (though I would say most folks should start with the Model F before moving to the beam spring):

“Key feel:
I’m not great at reviewing switches but my first thought [about the beam spring] was “Wow!”, this is the type of feeling I was hoping for when I purchased the Model F77. The Model F is still great, but I can see why others consider this a “step up”. Each key feels distinct and “heavy”(?). It does feel like you’re typing on a typewriter. I think it will take a few days to get up to speed with it, I’m not as fast as I was with the Model F, but this definitely feels more “fun” to type on if that makes sense at all.

I also enjoy the sound a lot more than the sound from the F77. It’s louder I think but it doesn’t have a “ping” sound that the F77 had.”

Firmware updates

The latest firmware, NathanA’s Vial:

I have just updated the zip file in the manual on the project web site with all of the NathanA firmware files. This one zip file includes all of the NathanA vial files, the old QMK files, the source code and build files, and the pandrew utility for Windows and Mac.

The batch files have been renamed and reorganized to replace abbreviations with language that more closely matches that of the project web site keyboard configuration. Once again a major thanks to NathanA for this enormous undertaking.

As always please do review the manual for instructions before doing any firmware flashing or you’ll likely run into errors.

Please do share feedback here after testing this firmware!

https://www.modelfkeyboards.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/QMK-layout-files.zip

Leyden Jar:

Back in mid-October, Rico released the latest Leyden Jar beta firmware (links below to the firmware and to the PCB). I have tested the firmware with the F122 prototype and the controller is working perfectly. As a reminder this controller has the extra 2 columns needed for the F122 and B122.

There was an issue with two keys giving some trouble (the Home key has a higher resting number of 392 compared to ~380 for most others) but it seems to have been resolved after adding in a second bin, replacing the spring, and reseating the key. The firmware has an adjustable bin count (factory default is tentatively set to 2 bins given the unpressed voltage variations). The bins separate the keys into groups based on their unpressed numbers. The downside to more bins is a reduced scanning rate (though I don’t think it can be noticed in practice!).

https://github.com/mymakercorner/vial-qmk/tree/leyden_jar
https://github.com/mymakercorner/Leyden_Jar

There is also a terrific new utility that Rico has created (screenshot below) that allows signal level monitoring, entering the bootloader, and monitoring keypresses, among other functions and informational displays. Not shown in the screenshot is the device list and its menu with the signal level monitor, keypress monitor, and enter bootloader buttons, which appear when you click the Device List button. The utility is not yet ready to be shared.

A discussion on the QMK approval process:

Thanks wolfman for the QMK update. It is interesting to see a behind the scenes look at the approval process.  https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=517900#p517900

Modding the split Model F keyboard firmware for additional function layers

Here we have five posts from Deskthority forum member sensy, the last of which links to a sound test of the Model F Split Ortho limited run board (I have one left from this run – email me if interested):

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?f=50&t=11046&p=518139#p518139
https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?f=50&t=11046&p=518144#p518144
https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?f=50&t=11046&p=518149#p518149
https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?f=50&t=11046&p=518230#p518230
https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?f=50&t=11046&p=518255#p518255

New custom mods and customer images:

With permission I am sharing the first photos of a new Model F setup with the F50! The new project keyboards started going out this month but there are still many more to ship of each of the three types of keyboards.

Thanks to Deskthority forum member depletedvespene for sharing a custom layout. I like how much thought was have put into devising the optimal layout. https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=517134#p517134

Posting (with permission) a nice red F50 and off-white/beige F77 setup. “I use it with REWASD and plane black keys to give me more key options and macros per application.”

Sharing with permission another F50 customization. This one is interesting because some flippers were removed to allow for 2U vertical keys to be placed (one can’t just remove the spring as the stabilizer insert would not have enough room to be seated inside the barrel fully).

Also the number pad has some reversed parts compared to the IBM right-sided number pad block design. I don’t recall seeing such a mod before – is this common with left-handed number pad keyboards?

Deskthority forum member taraskremen had a good reply to the above question:

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=517284#p517284

Posting (with permission) another nice setup: the compact F77 dark blue case with a customized key setup.

Deskthority forum members Arkku and AlexB555 posted some nice photos (linked below). The custom sets for Quebec CSA and French BÉPO turned out especially nicely with the multi-color legends.

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=518035#p518035
https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=518054#p518054

Screw specifications and spare screws available

If anyone needs spare screws / bolts please let me know as I have plenty of them. The zinc case boards use 6-32 x 1/2″ thread screws with philips heads. Some of the total screws in each set may have the wrong quantity number so please double check.

As noted earlier the project’s T8 M2.5 metric screws were custom molded for this project with various lengths, so they cannot be found elsewhere. Below are the metric screw lengths for everyone’s reference. Please email me if you need additional sets of screws.

Controller ground screws for all keyboards (2 per keyboard) are 6-32 x 3/16″ (keyboards with P clips use these same screws).

The Round 2 keyboards use different screws, primarily those with hex heads or torx heads, specifications to follow later.

Update on the boxes

For the next batch of keyboards (M Style Model F and Beam Spring Round 2) I am considering the tab lock style boxes, which are more authentic to the original IBM Model F retail boxes. Same artwork as the other style, standard brown boxes – not the white and gray boxes of the originals.

Example: https://www.packagingprice.com/tab-locking-mailers.html

From my collection: https://flickr.com/photos/modelfkeyboards/51941436172/in/dateposted-public/

https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51941436172_4ac726793b_h.jpg

https://www.flickr.com/photos/modelfkeyboards/

On the subject of relegendables

I have not seen too many photos of custom-printed relegendable keys in use on the Model F keyboards – everyone please do share some photos and descriptions of these keys! Are they primarily for application-specific options or more for flexibility to change up the keys every now and then without ordering preprinted keys?

On the subject of dust

I am curious, for those who have been using the round 1 beam spring boards for at least a number of months, is there any feedback on the effect of dust intrusion on the sensing? Has anyone benefitted from opening up the board and cleaning it up, or is dust not much of an issue?

A discussion on the project’s philosophy, “buy it for life” and a repair mindset, along with pricing of repair parts

You can definitely recommend a Model F to friends and family members even though it requires maintenance to keep it running, hopefully for many more years. Paying for the parts alone as part of the first aid repair kit or separately is far less costly than paying a repair shop for parts and labor or discarding the product entirely when one part breaks. These keyboards are fully repairable and can be fully disassembled with just screwdrivers and pliers, unlike many other keyboards. The main philosophy of the project is to encourage users to learn how to take control of the repairs and maintenance of their keyboards, one benefit of which is to allow the keyboards to be priced as low as possible and to avoid the need for repair and phone staff.

The pricing is quite reasonable for all extras and has even gone down for some extras like the keys and key sets. Everyone gets the fully discounted price for all items regardless of quantity ordered, except for the transparent relegendable keys which have quantity discounts. Some folks may not fully realize that the price of any custom-made item is not based on the material cost or the variable production cost – one needs to allocate the overhead costs. Comparing it to a mass produced item like an MX style switch which is probably made in the tens (or hundreds?) of millions each year misses the important detail that this project does not have the economies of scale of such an item. With a small-scale project like this one you are also paying more to allocate all of the additional project costs on a (lower quantity) per-unit basis: quality control and assembly costs, tooling and mold costs, express/air mail shipping costs, sample/prototype costs, project cost overruns, other fixed costs, and so forth.

And now for something completely different, to close off this update post

A production photo I recently came across of the various bottom inner assemblies for all but the Round 2 Model F boards.

Brand New Model F October 2023 Update: major discounts to end the old projects, production updates, Model M vs. F differences, Vial firmware, new RP2040 controller

As a reminder here are the new models that are now being offered. There is still time to order the original project’s F62/F77 keyboards but they are on a “while supplies last” basis.

Currently in stock: All F62 and F77, Ultra Compact F104, Ultra Compact FSSK, F15 Split Ergonomic, F50 macro pad, and the Split Ortholinear keyboard

Currently in production: The 3 metal case classic Model M style F104, FSSK, and F122 keyboards and the Round 2 Beam Spring keyboards

With the launch of these new models the combined F and Beam projects now total $2.9 million in orders!

Major price discounts to close out the older projects which are now end of production

All F62 and F77 models, plus the compact F104 and compact FSSK keyboards, are now end of production and the remaining units are being sold off at a significant discount, while supplies last. Currently all variations are still in stock. Click the Shop button at the top of the page for details and pricing.

Pricing on some of the newer models has also changed so please do check out the latest updated product pages to see which models you would like. Some keyboards that you were looking at before may be more affordable now.

I strongly recommend ordering things now while the current pricing stands and current stock remains, whether to pick up an additional / backup keyboard while you can still buy one new, joining the project for the first time if financial limitations due to the higher pricing were holding you back before, or to pick up an additional keyboard, first aid kit for future repairs/maintenance, a spare key set to use when your current one’s top textured surface wears down over time with usage, spare custom made USB cable, transparent relegendable keys, etc.

Model F Split Ortho, F15 Split Ergonomic, and F50 keyboards closeout

A reverse/Dutch auction was conducted this year to fairly allocate the limited number of these keyboards that were produced. In summary, you would bid the amount that you were able to pay for one or more keyboards and the Nth lowest bid was the price that everyone paid. Currently nearly every keyboard has been reserved and paid for, but there are a very small number of boards remaining. I expect to mail these out later this month.

The project is now open to the public, so you can head over to the shop page to customize your custom Model F but please note that once these sell out, you will not be able to order one. No need for bidding or reserving anything.

Project featured on Linus Tech Tips ShortCircuit

It was a great honor for the new Model F project to be featured on the Linus Tech Tips ShortCircuit YouTube channel!

If anyone can reach out to the various YouTube channels and reviewers on their social media it would be much appreciated. This would help get the word out about the new project. It’s likely that many of the reviewers became aware of the project through these contacts.

By the way, if any marketers reading this post have any advice on advertising/marketing please do email me how you think the word can get out more and the project can expand even more – I think a lot of folks would be interested in the F and beam spring projects if they were aware of them. So far I have not done any marketing campaigns but I am interested. And general advice is always appreciated, whether on the forums or directly through email.

Can you believe over 100,000 views for the Model F Keyboard ShortCircuit video? Who would have thought there was so much interest in the Model F! It is great to see.

My reply posted in the YouTube comments is below, since it may be tough to find among the many comments:

“Hello, project coordinator here. Thanks Nicholas and the entire ShortCircuit team for putting together a nice video covering the Brand New Model F Keyboard! It is great to get the word out about these great keyboards that definitely take some getting used to!

Kindly see my replies to some of the notes brought up in the video:

The pinginess / reverberation: Some folks that prefer a Model F board without the higher pitch sounds. The best thing about buckling spring keyboards is the a longstanding community that has come up with various repair and maintenance step by step guides and mods, including the Floss Mod and the grease mod, to reduce or eliminate the high-pitch / pinginess while typing. My guess is that the main reason for the pinginess is the super thick steel plates reverberating inside the keyboard.

Why True Red? Well it’s the Pantone designation for the particular shade of red. The factory prefers Pantone references when doing the finishing.

Recessed keys: The reason for the extra recessed keys for a couple of the rows is that the Ultra Compact F104 case top in the video is flat and the Model F and Model M design require a curved plate inside the keyboard. One result of this is that the key profiles are all uniform and a key can be installed on the various rows. The Model M style F104, FSSK, and F122 cases are all curved where the keys are, just like the IBM originals, so the keys will stick out more evenly.

Casting: The Ultra Compact cases for the F104 and FSSK were CNC milled and have 3 main parts, while the ultra compact cases for the F62 and F77 keyboards are die cast, while the first rounds of the compact F62/F77 boards were CNC milled. The Model M style case Model F keyboards all have die cast cases.

Regarding the low serials, they are mainly there to allow folks to offer a little extra support to help cover the tens of thousands of dollars in project cost overruns, the near-endless express air mail sample charges over the years, etc. Many folks also like a custom serial because it allows them to pick a date for the production date, like their birthday or an anniversary of some date. In the Model M community forums it is always notable to get a board made the same year you were born, or if you were lucky, on your actual birthday (and actual birth year too!).”

Model M vs. Model F Keyboards — What is the real difference?

Due to the significant feedback I received after the video launch with folks not knowing much about the differences between Model M and Model F keyboards I made a quick video, which is now also on the project home page as a video and a slide deck.

Production status for the various projects

For the most frequent day-to-day updates on the various keyboard projects please head over to the mechanical keyboard forums such as Deskthority and geekhack (links can be found above by going to About, Forums/Press). I only post on the blog and send out email newsletters on a more limited basis, to summarize what has been going on.

As I always say, we are at the mercy of the factories for such low volume production, especially around the timeline. It is truly a miracle and a great sign of today’s manufacturing advances that such complicated projects to bring back these great old style keyboards can proceed today given the limited economies of scale and even though production volume is significantly limited compared to most mass market products and we are far from top priority clients for that reason.

Here is the status by keyboard type:

Classic Case F104 and FSSK: inner assemblies are complete, first batch of cases is 900 complete, still need to complete the balance of the cases (see below for additional details).

F122: some errors with the prototype inner assembly plates; I have ordered a new sample of the top and bottom inner assembly plates. I assembled the F122 prototype with Rico’s latest Leyden Jar controller that just arrived recently and noticed some things that I want to change regarding the inner assembly tabs and posts and their alignment with the PCB so I will be requesting another sample of the top and bottom inner assembly plates.

Beam Spring Round 2: The factory is working on the new case tooling. I am working on finishing up a prototype of the Round 2 keyboard with the final production case design and new modules (the Round 2 keyboard had a working prototype a while back, just with an older case design and modules that were changed to be about 1mm taller to allow for the newly introduced top layer of inner foam above the key modules but below the top inner assembly, just like with the IBM beam spring originals). Two of the plastic module parts are currently in mass production (the beam barrel part A and B). The beam flippers finished production some time ago. The two metal parts will be entering production soon (they are retooling the metal part for beam flipper).

Here is a photo showing the assembly process of the second Round 2 B104 sample. The inner assembly is attached upside down to the bottom case so that it does not slip out of place. One can see that the flipper factory improved the color of the flippers – they are more of a deep black color compared to the dark gray color of the originals. There is no functional difference and no one can see this inside of the keyboard, but the black color is closer to the IBM originals.

The factory is still looking to wrap things up around year end, which means that the keyboards should start going out early next year. Please keep reading for more details on each of the parts.

Status on new keycap molds (non-stepped ISO Enter, Code key, and PC AT big enter) and new sublimated keys

The molds have been completed for these and the new caps are currently in production. I have a few unprinted caps in stock in case anyone is interested. Orders will open up as soon as the new sublimation jig is completed and tested working. Please sign the interest form here to reserve one of these keys or key sets: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1vsamkl_jOqp6wAEfZGeivQZ8ZaibpoT0WQkDG39r08Q/

Also we have new 1.5U size sublimated keys added to the order list today, as someone just custom requested them. Feel free to order on the extra keys page if you are interested. All keys except 1.75U keys are now $3 each, down from $4 each. Available in pebble, blue, and dark gray. They should go out later this year.

Drop-in replacement PCB assemblies now available for F62, F77, compact F104, and compact FSSK

I have a bunch of presoldered controller+ribbon cable+large capacitive PCBs that can serve as drop-in replacements for these keyboards in case they are needed. Anyone who needs one or wants a spare please email me for details. It is always good to have a spare that you don’t have to mess around with desoldering and resoldering.

The next NYC Mechanical Keyboard meetup

It has just been announced and you can now get tickets. They usually sell out quickly so I recommend getting one soon. I just ordered my ticket and will see everyone there!

https://www.eventbrite.com/e/nyc-mechanical-keyboard-meetup-december-2023-tickets-727184567617

Major firmware announcement: moving to the Vial-based firmware

I am now expecting to base the project firmware off of the latest NathanA updates to the pandrew QMK firmware, which allow the use of the pandrew utility and its signal level monitor, Vial, and the online version of the vial configuration tool. This tool is great – I was able to connect the keyboard running NathanA’s updated firmware to the web site vial.rocks to reconfigure the keyboard without having to download anything or flash any firmware. Both the vial program and the vial web site both recognize any keyboard because they read the layout from the keyboard firmware – no need to load a json file or pick your keyboard and controller from a dropdown menu. So much easier. Are there any options on the QMK configurator that are missing from Vial?

In addition, I can report that the NathanA updated firmware (made from the same version of QMK that pandrew uses) is more stable than the firmware I generated from a later version of QMK, but still made before the big QMK updates. The latter one had some issues with repeated and missing keys, even after I removed and retightened both ground screws and removed and replaced two springs from frequently-transposed/switched keys. I also tested the Arkku calibration setup in the NathanA firmware and that also worked well.

Currently the firmware works without any issues on the round 2 FSSK/F104 boards. Again a big thanks to NathanA!

The first F104 and FSSK boards with the NathanA Vial firmware shipped last week! These will be the default going forward for more and more of the keyboard models.

Some more good news: NathanA’s workaround to allow layer sharing between both halves of the split keyboards is working; this functionality is built into the new firmware. I tested it on the production split boards and it is working.

There are some limitations as detailed in earlier posts from NathanA, especially this one: https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=516636#p516636

Layer programming would be normal with this and the base Vial firmware is already preprogrammed for the second layer. This NathanA firmware will be the one that ships with each board. The layers are programmed to each board and no additional hardware is needed, so this should meet most folks’ requirements. Instead of flashing the specific layout you want, there is one firmware for each type of keyboard. You flash that firmware and then can configure the board for split backspace, split right shift, etc. There is expected to be future support to flash the exact firmware you want from the start if you want to save a step (also good for the factory workers as they load these en masse).

These are not yet tested on the beam spring boards so it is just Model F to start with. Currently it is good on the F62, F77, and F104/FSSK Rounds 1 and 2.

Permalinks to the latest Windows and Mac utilities:

https://www.modelfkeyboards.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/pandrew-utility-to-send-xwhatsit-to-bootloader.zip

https://www.modelfkeyboards.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/pandrew-mac-utility.zip

Please note that the binary is not signed – you’ll need to “Open” manually in Finder. Please note that all files are provided AS IS, without warranty. Ctrl+click, then Open

Some features of the NathanA firmware:

Excellent stability in my testing
Vial support (after flashing this new firmware, you can just go to the web site vial.rocks to configure your board any time you want to change something, without needing to generate custom firmware and then reflash the firmware as with the QMK configurator web site. It works natively without needing a custom Vial program or web site or json file because the keyboard details are stored in the firmware and read by Vial). Vial even has a check mark to enable and disable NKRO right from the GUI.
Supports solenoids and LEDs
Supports pandrew’s diagnostic utility which has the Signal Level Monitor and Enter Bootloader features (you need to download the latest version which is found in the manual)
And many more features

There are two versions of the latest firmware (see the project thread’s recent Deskthority postings for the latest files):

The “allpads” version is the way that I prefer, with each pad configurable right away without having to click buttons to reveal pads in Vial. There is also a helpful bat file for each board (allpads version only). Once you enter the bootloader, you can run the bat file to automatically update the firmware and restart the keyboard, no need to unplug and re-plug the cable or use Atmel Flip!
The other file has the source code with a diff file that can be executed on linux to auto build all of the firmware files on your own, if you prefer it. To run NathanA’s bash script build.sh in Ubuntu, copy the folder newfxx-vial-package and all its files, then right click build.sh and select run as program.

This is what I do on a fresh Ubuntu install:
open Terminal program and enter one line at a time:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo apt install python3-pip
sudo python3 -m pip install qmk
echo “PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin” >> ./.bashrc
sudo apt install git
qmk setup

The forthcoming Leyden Jar controllers also run Vial (see below for details).

Deskthority member wolfman is wrapping up the approval process for the refactoring to get the xwhatsit accepted into the main QMK project. Here are the details: https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/pull/21193

Everyone feel free to test out this refactored firmware and let us know the feedback!

wolfman started with F62 for the refactoring submission, as they wanted only one keyboard at a time and count each variation separately, but the f77 should be able to be added if you download and modify the code: https://github.com/matthew-wolf-n4mtt/qmk_firmware/tree/model_f_labs/keyboards/model_f_labs

Model M style case production process

Three months ago I approved mass production of the Model M style cases. Due to some quality issues it took many months extra to get the quality to where it is now. The initial batch of 900 F122, F104, and FSSK keyboard cases (300 each style) has been completed and is being mailed to the assembly factory which will inspect the cases and then assemble them with the inner assemblies. The first batch just has black color cases, plus some uncoated cases of each type. The F104 and FSSK inner assemblies were completed a while back while the F122 inner assembly was not approved and a new sample has been ordered. Next up will be the batch of all remaining cases. The factory split things for quality control reasons, to make sure everything was being produced according to the requirements. They just need the latest firmware to be loaded and for them to be installed into the cases when they are done.

Die casting of the Model M style cases: Here is an interesting video from the factory showing a case as it is cast:

Here’s one photo from the approved sample – the gap in the back looks nice now.

There are a number of finishing operations required before the case can look nice and smooth for the powdercoating process. After die casting, the cases need to be die cast, drilled, and powdercoated, and then they can be assembled. I expect all to be on the same container shipment with the Round 2 beam spring boards.

All cases are powdercoated going forward, so they should look like the painted versions of the cases. The cases will have textured powdercoating, not like the smooth more modern powdercoating of the 2nd batch of ultra compact F62 and F77 cases (what has been shipping out in the past couple years), and not like the anodizing of the other compact cases (F104/FSSK/F15/F50/F Ergo). Here is a nice “group photo” of the F122 case samples being unboxed, from earlier this year, one in each of the available colors:

IBM Model M 122 spare parts (case, controller, cable, etc.)

Does anyone need an M122 early gen case (1989), a terminal controller for the 1390876, a terminal cable, the membrane contact sheets, the rubber mat, or backplate? I will be discarding them otherwise. Price is a few dollars above shipping for most stuff and $10 for the case (no cracks in the case but it is dirty). The case does not have the screws. Please email me if interested. The case has the one part risers in the back but otherwise looks like the F122 case on the outside.

Reminder on the following the manual for setting up your Brand New Model F and Beam Spring keyboards

As noted in the manual and in the printed booklet included with each keyboard, it is expected that some keys and springs will not function right away. Do not just install keys and start using your keyboard. Only follow the step-by-step instructions, videos, and troubleshooting guide available at ModelFKeyboards.com/manual where you can find valuable advice like “hold the keyboard vertically, space bar side up when installing keys.” Follow the manual to correctly remove and re-seat any key or spring as needed. Reinstalling one key many times will not solve most issues. Technical support requests cannot be accepted until after the user has reviewed the manual entirely and followed all setup and troubleshooting steps.

For anyone having issues with a key not being reliable, you may need to remove and replace the spring, not just reseat the key (see the video in the manual on the project web site for details). Even on new boards this happens: I might initially think there is something wrong with the hardware or firmware, but then I replace the spring with another one and the problem is completely gone. Recently I had an issue on a new board I was setting up, where two keys were transposed some of the time while typing fast. I double checked that both controller grounding screws were tight and then replaced both the keys’ springs with other springs and the problem was permanently fixed.

Many folks use their Model F boards as a reliable daily driver and do not have issues outside of having to reseat springs during the initial setup and periodically, but it is well worth keeping tweezers and spare parts handy to be able to use a Model F keyboard.

And of course if you have watched the full setup video and are still having difficulty, please head over to the Deskthority forum where there is a great community that can help with all sorts of mechanical keyboards.

JIS New Production Key Set

After a number of requests, I have decided to proceed with making the JIS sets. Previously these sets, as well as the APL sets, were Unicomp sets. APL will remain Unicomp (unless someone wants to make the template as was done for the couple recent new layout submissions). I will be making the JIS front print option (not shown below in my draft). These sets were completed and the first 5 sets shipped to me by air, with the rest shipping in the next container shipment. I have a few of these left in case anyone wants one – just head over to the Full Key Set product page to order.

Keyboard feature in Linus Tech Tips video

Someone shared this link with me: Linus reviewing various computer setups, including a setup from Wendell that includes the Ultra Compact FSSK! About 7 1/2 minutes into the video:

Here is a video of a thoroughly modded new Model F keyboard – floss mod, stripped paint off of the die cast aluminum compact case, lubed Unicomp keys, etc.

Leyden Jar controller update

In addition to NathanA’s success with updating the various Model F keyboards to support Vial perfectly, Rico has made some exciting progress on the Leyden Jar Rev. 3 RP2040 controller, which is expected to be the default for the current round of the F122 and B122, and eventually for other boards when the ATMEGA-based stock is depleted. Rico’s controller also works perfectly in my testing. One big advantage of the board is increased memory with the RP2040. NathanA noted that the new Vial firmware for the ATMEGA controllers are getting closer and closer to filling up all of the available space.

We are now up to Rev3 and this one appears to be ready for mass production based on my recent testing. The controller has worked flawlessly in my testing, and it is quite stable. The F122 and B122 boards are expected to be powered by Rico’s new RP2040-based Leyden Jar controller which runs Vial, which is based on QMK. This controller has 2 additional columns (18 total instead of 16 columns, same row count of 8 rows) which allow for all of the extra keys of an F122. These controllers also can work on the other boards, though firmware is currently in progress for some of them, not yet done. For more details:

https://github.com/mymakercorner/Leyden_Jar

Even PS/2 support is planned!

https://www.keebtalk.com/t/the-leyden-jar-a-tentative-pcb-replacement-for-the-brand-new-model-f-keyboards/17489/25

Beam spring production process

After the sample order was assembled and tested back around the end of July, the updated beam barrels (part A and B) for Round 2 were approved for full production and I placed the order. These took a while to get right but I am glad everything is good now. Production is just about done: the modules are still in production, expected to finish around month end, and then they need to be assembled. The press-fit design is going to be saving a lot of assembly time compared to the older glued on washer design.

I also ordered the capacitive PCBs for all 8 beam spring variants and the F122, as well as the Leyden Jar version 3 controller for testing.

The 8 beam spring variants: B62 Split Shift and Regular Backspace, B62 Split Shift and Split Backspace, BSSK ANSI, BSSK ISO, B104 ANSI, B104 ISO, B122 ANSI, B122 ISO

The factory is also preparing the tooling to bend the aluminum cases. Then they will produce a full working sample keyboard of each design for verification, and then the case and inner assembly plates production can start. Then these need to be assembled and sent out on the container ship. The factory already completed a prototype of the new case and inner assembly design earlier this year and it has no issues, but to be safe I want to confirm that the new tooling makes things right for all the parts.

Metal badges

As noted a while back, new metal badges are being made for the project; you can now order them here. While all new Model F and Beam spring keyboards can have a badge affixed anywhere on the case, the F122 has a recessed spot for the badge, the same size as the smaller IBM badges used on the IBM F122, M122, Model M 1390131, and other boards. Any additional logos that should be produced? So far these two are in production.

There are 2 options – the Model F style and the Beam Spring style (renderings are shown above). If you would like for me to order additional styles, you will have to cover the tooling charges and commit to ordering 15 badges at a minimum. The MFL logo was not ordered due to lack of interest. The beam spring one has the bottom edge cropped not touching the edge on purpose, since the image would be far smaller if the entire beam spring drawing was visible on the badge. In the production art, the beam spring drawing extends much lower instead of being cropped as shown in the original rendering above.

Badges and LED overlays are the same size as the IBM originals and can fit most Model M or Model F keyboards, with exception for the IBM XT and AT boards that use a larger badge. These badges are 2cm x 2 cm. The F122 is the only new production board that has a recessed spot for the badge but you can stick the badges anywhere on any of the Brand New Model F or Brand New Beam Spring keyboard cases.

The factory also has the capability to make the black badges with the raised silver printing as well as the large AT/XT style, so let me know if you want to cover the tooling and order minimums to make any of those styles.

Last month I approved production of the dye sublimated badges. Almost no factories I asked even had the capability of dye sublimation to aluminum. They tried the UV printing option which was fine on its own but a bit fuzzier when compared directly to the dye sublimated option, as shown in the samples below (the samples have registration and other marks and rough edges that will not be on the production units).

LED overlays

The remaining LED overlays arrived from the factory in August, and I mailed out all the orders waiting only on LED overlays and nothing else. I like the color of the beige overlay as it compares nicely with the originals. The gray overlays have a touch of blue in them, in my opinion, and the black overlays’ white areas also have a touch of blue in them. I would probably request less blue for a future order.

Scans of the production LED overlays

Model-F 5170 Converter for Raspberry Pi PICO RP2040

Here is an interesting project recently posted on reddit – an open source RP2040-based converter for Model F keyboards. Seems to be an alternative to ATMEGA based converters such as Soarer’s Converter that runs on an RP2040 instead of a Teensy / Pro Micro / etc. and connects to the original Model F controller instead of replacing it. It was made for the PC AT Model F but hopefully it will work with other boards either natively with a firmware update, or in the future.

https://github.com/PaulW/model-f-5170

https://github.com/PaulW/model-f-5170/blob/main/doc/custom_pcb.md

Custom 3d printed legs for the split ergonomic boards (F15 Split Ergonomic, F Split Ortho)

Already there is some development, even before these boards start shipping later this month! Copying one such project below:

“I set up a GitHub repo, that includes the following files:
-image of an assembled prototype leg that I think should work with the split ortho keyboard (the screw is an M6 size)
-image render of the 3d printed part
-an .stl file for 3d printing
-an .f3d file that can be modified

https://github.com/vanhornlab/Keebs-ModelF_Split_Ortho

Also on the GitHub is a description of the prototype leg. I intend once I have it to make two or three sizes so that the keyboard tents how I like. I have a few other ideas on legs like to make a bracket with a heat inset.
Anyway I hope it helps and I look forward to the keyboard.”

IBM Color matching

Some folks have been asking what are the exact colors of the IBM Beige and Industrial Gray.

I was able to use an i1 spectrophotometer to make the measurements, which have been sent to the factories making the cases. Of course IBM’s paint and plastic colors varied noticeably from case to case so your IBM case probably does not match these cases, so these values are provided to use at your own risk (probably better to take your case to the paint store where they can do an accurate match). Also the texture of paint as well as the uneven dirtiness and wear of the 6110344 case also adds some variance to measurement as my particular spectrophotometer is not geared to measuring textures. The beige on the screen looks quite different on my hardware calibrated monitor compared to viewing the keyboard itself, while the gray is similar.

Here are measurements of my F122 6110344 from 1984 and a brand new 1990s IBM Industrial Gray case. I took 10 samples from different areas of each case and averaged them.

Beige
LAB_L LAB_A LAB_B LAB_C LAB_H
77.028 -1.431 8.603 8.721 99.444

Industrial Gray
LAB_L LAB_A LAB_B LAB_C LAB_H
49.034 -0.727 7.576 7.612 95.464

Here is my old note on Higher force springs – these are still available

Is anyone interested in higher-force springs? I have a sample set of ~120 springs that were rejected as they required a little more force to process. The whole lot is available to one person so they have enough to fill a keyboard with them; please PM me if interested. Pricing will be based on best offer, with a minimum of $1 per spring. Flippers not included. Due to slight variations in the diameter of the flipper nubs I can’t guarantee this will work with original flippers (none of my springs are recommended to be installed on original flippers, as noted a while back). These ~120 springs are a slightly tighter fit than the production springs, so you have to press them a little more forcefully onto each nub. I would describe the sound as approximately the same as the production springs, maybe slightly quieter but still audible.

I also have 230 QC rejected springs without flippers (sound characteristics are off – too high pitch) available in batches of 80, 120, or you can take the whole lot. If you prefer a changing to a higher pitch spring this is the only batch available. Again, only recommended for new Model F flippers but will possibly work with originals. Pricing is the same $1 per spring.

Setting up a QMK configurator web site

While the project is moving over to the Vial-based firmware, thus avoiding the need for online configuration and making a new firmware every time you want to change the layout, Deskthority member snacksthecat managed to set up the QMK configurator and wrote up a nice guide.

“The only hitch that I’ve run into is that it seems to need to be rebooted every so often and the service light is always yellow (degraded). Maybe those things are related, but pandrew doesn’t seem to have the issue. Anyways…
Part 1 explains how to setup the configurator and add unofficial keyboards
https://www.keyboardjunk.com/p/setup-a-qmk-configurator-environment-with-docker-compose-part-1/
Part 2 explains how to setup SSL and use your own domain name
https://www.keyboardjunk.com/p/setup-a-qmk-configurator-environment-with-docker-compose-part-2/

Brand New Model F June 2023 Update: featured in the news media, reviews, production updates, new controller, discussions on R&D and small vs. large scale manufacturing

As a reminder here are the new models that are now being offered. There is still time to order the original project’s F62/F77 keyboards but they are on a “while supplies last” basis. Currently all variations are still in stock.

Currently in stock: All F62/F77, Ultra Compact F104, Ultra Compact FSSK, F15 Split Ergonomic, F50 macro pad

Currently in production: The 3 metal case classic Model M style F104, FSSK, and F122 keyboards and also the Split Ortholinear Ergonomic model

The Brand New Model F major project launch was featured in Ars Technica, slashdot, The Register, TechSpot, ExtremeTech, and the Adafruit blog! We are up to more than $2.6 million in orders since the project started taking orders in 2016 – definitely hard to believe that there has been so much interest.

(By the way, if any marketers reading this post have any advice on advertising/marketing please do email me how you think the word can get out more and the project can expand even more – I think a lot of folks would be interested in the F and beam spring projects if they were aware of them. So far I have not done any marketing campaigns but I am interested. And general advice is always appreciated, whether on the forums or directly through email.)

https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/04/new-buckling-spring-keyboards-recreate-ibms-iconic-model-f-for-modern-computers/

https://forums.theregister.com/forum/all/2023/04/03/new_model_f_keyboards/

https://hardware.slashdot.org/story/23/04/05/2039244/new-models-of-ibm-model-f-keyboard-mark-ii-incoming

https://www.techspot.com/news/98225-new-customizable-ibm-model-f-keyboards-now-available.html

https://www.extremetech.com/electronics/the-new-model-f-keyboard-is-now-available-in-more-sizes

https://blog.adafruit.com/2023/04/07/new-models-of-ibm-model-f-keyboard-mark-ii-keyboards/

Plus in the Italian edition of Wired! https://www.wired.it/article/tastiera-ibm-model-f-moderna/

A nice review of the Ultra Compact F104 in PC World!

“Model F Ultra Compact keyboard review: It somehow improves on IBM’s classic”

https://www.pcworld.com/article/1928356/model-f-ultra-compact-keyboard-review.html

Everyone please resubscribe to the updated YouTube channel for the project

https://www.youtube.com/@Brand_New_Model_F_Keyboards

And please do read through the prior blog posts if you have not done so already – a lot of great and interesting topics.

Wendell from Level1Techs posted a nice video on the ultra compact new Model F FSSK!

Here was the reply I posted: “Thanks Wendell for making this video on the Brand New Model F Keyboards project! If you do adapt the new Model F into the IBM SSK case, please do let me know how it goes. I would not recommend it as you would probably have to irreversibly trim some plastic off the original case to fit the larger inner assembly of a Model F. Regarding the recessed case, I do want to let everyone know that you can also order the F104 and FSSK with a standard Model M style case that is made out of metal and whose interior design is adapted to the Model F. A downside is that unfortunately you can’t switch an inner assembly from the compact case to the classic case or vice versa as they are slightly different in design (you could do this with the F62/F77 though).”

Wendell also made a nice video about the Beam Spring Project!

I have copied my YouTube comment below since there are quite a few comments:

Hello, project coordinator here. Thanks Wendell for sharing this video! I am glad that the Brand New Beam Spring Keyboard arrived safely to you. Hopefully there was not too much work to set up the keyboard after it arrived. Sometimes a few key modules were broken during transit, according to other reports. I think you are the first to make the case for USB-B as the connector for the compact case style keyboards – it makes sense since these cables will probably be available for a while and they are still used today, though most folks seem to like USB-C for the convenience of rotating keyboards which also have USB-C, without having to switch the cable, despite the increased risk of a broken connector because the beam spring USB-C connector is not recessed enough. For the Round 2 Beam Spring keyboards I went with the fully recessed design where you have to open up the keyboard to change out the USB-C cable and there is a metal P clip for strain relief, just like with the F62/F77 keyboards. For all future classic case style designs of the F and beam spring keyboards it will have the latter “internal USB connection” style.

F15 Split, BS Ortho / Ergodox Style, and F50 reverse auction update

I am hoping to wrap up the bids in the next week or two. Feel free to join the reverse auction with the link below. You can still get one of these keyboards by not participating in the auction, though the board will be priced higher for all of the remaining 10 or so boards of each type that are reserved for the public.

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1PqXBAtHVRHWHvheCSMXVNI96_zuhXMMhnrQ2piT6QLk/

Can anyone help set up the matrices for QMK? I can provide screenshots of the PCB. I would like to start testing these boards with QMK (currently the testing has been done with the original xwhatsit firmware).

Production update

Here are the first photos of the completed and tested M Style F104 sample; it is configured with the US ANSI layout. These are the rejected sample cases that have defects (casting defects, they did not drill all of the mounts and screws correctly so the inner assembly has sunk inside the keyboard, etc.). Fortunately the keyboard is fully functional in my testing with QMK. Also the texture is a little more visible in this photo than in the SSK photo though the textures are all the same. It is a nice texture reminiscent of the Model M style cases (originally plastic) as well as the IBM Model F cases (unpainted plastic, painted plastic, and painted metal).

Also shown below are some photos of the inside of the F104, indicating the locations of the P clip and where a solenoid driver and solenoid would go. The LEDs are designed to have the flexibility for movement so you can move them closer or further away from the LED overlay based on your LED lock lighting preferences.

Here are the first photos of the completed and tested M Style FSSK sample; it is configured with the HHKB Style Split Right Shift and Split Backspace. Since the ~ ` key is left of the 1 ! key, I was not sure which key to place in the rightmost key of the block, so I selected a blank key. Any ideas on how folks plan on configuring their FSSK layout with such a configuration?

For the M Style case keyboards, wcass has ingeniously updated the PCB design to allow for the same PCB to support both HHKB style split right shift and regular right shift, to cut down on the number of PCB variations.

As noted earlier, these are the rejected sample cases that have defects (casting defects, they did not drill all of the mounts and screws correctly so the inner assembly has sunk inside the keyboard, etc.). Fortunately the keyboard is fully functional in my testing with QMK today.

The case bottoms have 4 holes for optional screw-on bumpers, plus 2 holes to mount a solenoid. The case tops have two internal posts, one to mount a solenoid and one for the P clip (USB cable strain relief).

You can also notice the changes to the interconnections between top and bottom inner assembly:
1. They now have additional tabs between the first two rows, just like the IBM F122 and F104 originals. I believe this was done to keep the plates as tight as possible, to allow for the snappiest of clicks upon actuation of each key. The Round 1 compact style F104 and FSSKs do not have these extra tabs. I can tell that the Round 2 boards have some extra clickiness/snappiness to them compared to the Round 1 boards, though both have sufficient clickiness/snappiness.
2. The controller tabs have been modified slightly on the M Style boards to make them simpler and a bit less flexible. Sometimes when unscrewing the controller and adjusting an old bottom inner assembly, the old tabs would move out of position which would require some pliers to move them back into position. They are also slightly taller, to allow for more room between the controller and BIA.

Here’s a photo of the bottom case part, as installed on a Classic M Style case FSSK. Please note that these photos are of prototypes whose case bottoms were rejected because the screws were improperly recessed and the bottom did not properly align with the contours of the case top (the bolts should be fully recessed and flush with the case bottom and the case bottom should not extend beyond the contours of the case top, and the parts should line up in the front and back though they do not in the sample). The tops had other QC issues as noted in a prior post (casting defects, mold lines, improperly drilled holes for the screws, etc.). The pair of adjacent holes on the bottom are for mounting a solenoid, which can now be done directly and the L bracket mount is no longer needed. These holes should have been recessed so the screws do not stick out of the bottom. The P clip and solenoid driver have individual, dedicated mounting posts inside the keyboard, on the case top.

The factory is still refining the Model M style case tooling. If the latest samples are approved then I hope production on the cases can start this month. Since the inner assemblies have completed production and assembly, it should not be too long before the keyboards can be assembled and make their way into a shipping container, though production and finishing/powdercoating will take a couple months. We are still looking at shipping out to everyone to start later this year. Below shows a detail of the latest sample case. The goal is to get the top and bottom cases to fit together as well as possible and to improve the quality of the countersinking of the screws on the bottom of the case.

The new Model F and Beam Spring boards are still expected to go out later this year.

The classic case estimated weights are as follows: F104 assembled sample is 7.8 pounds. FSSK is 6.6 pounds. The F122 case and unfinished top/bottom inner assembly plates weigh 7.1 pounds (this does not count the PCBs, barrels, flippers, keys, USB cable, etc. so the final keyboard will weigh more).

I added some approximate case dimensions to the project site:

Classic F104: 486 x 210 x 22-40mm (front to back variance)
Classic FSSK: 400 x 210 x 22-40mm
Classic F122: 535 x 210 x 22-55mm

Here are some photos of the rejected F122 case. Inside are the bottom and top inner assemblies. The factory did not properly drill the internal holes to attach the bottom inner assembly, so that is why the inner assembly looks too sunken in the photos (it is loose and not properly installed). Also the LED overlay is a rejected sample (incorrect color).

You can see the rust on the steel top inner assembly plate as the plate was not powdercoated, so it starts to rust quite quickly. When I was restoring a late 1930s/early 1940s metal case clock a few years back (including removing the old paint finish), the bare clock case would develop a later of rust within minutes (!) of air exposure. Drying the water off the clock and coating the clock case with oil helped slow this down so I could spray paint the case.

LED Overlays update

Back in mid-April, the LED overlays arrived (just option 1) by air shipment and they are good quality. I checked one of my IBM Model M originals and they all look nice (photos of the overlays were posted earlier in this thread). It’s tough to tell the original vs. new textures apart. I especially like the texture and how it slightly obscures the LEDs in the cut out areas, just like the originals (it’s not a completely translucent piece of plastic)

This meant that the orders with overlays can proceed – first the Round 1 beam springs with overlays ordered and then the ultra compact (aka Round 1) Model F’s with overlays ordered can go out. Throughout April, May, and June these orders did go out and I have now just about caught up mailing out all of the “in stock” orders.

This LED overlay batch was for 500. For the final batch of the remaining 4,500 overlays, I requested that they add a little more brown to the color of options 1, 5, and 9 and make the black printing a little more deeper black. Either way it is difficult to tell the new vs. original overlays but I want them to be as close as possible. Sorry but to keep things simple I won’t accept requests for one batch or the other batch of overlays so please don’t ask. Currently the factory is still working on the remaining batch of overlays.

Beam Spring specific production updates

The factory and I continue to prepare for the updated Round 2 production.

  • The cases were approved for production in early May; the next step is to make the custom case tooling for mass production of the curves of the case, etc.
  • The factory has fine tuned the metal part for the beam flipper, to make the radii more rounded like the originals; we have noticed a slight improvement in the snappiness and sound quality with this improvement.
  • The new beam spring molds for the two plastic parts of the modules have been approved and the factory was just approved about a week ago to make a few thousand production parts before they make all several hundred thousand parts, just to make sure everything is good. These molds have been difficult to get right.

Stolen keyboard alert

Sadly there is another stolen keyboard to be reported: an ultra compact F104 with serial number 11, last spotted in Indiana. Please do let me know if you come across this keyboard listed online, or if you see one that does not have the correct serial label with the serial pictured.

Some newly posted YouTube videos

Here is my comprehensive 1 hour setup video for the new Model F keyboards – I recommend that everyone looking to set up and learn how to use and maintain a Model F keyboard watches this video.

Chapters:
0:00 Introduction, safety information
2:57 Parts identification
3:28 Initial setup steps
5:35 Installing stabilizer inserts
7:15 Spacebar installation and optimization
12:16 Installing the remaining keys; fixing stuck or binding keys (the wiggle method, etc.)
18:23 “Quality control secrets” steps: adjusting a key that doesn’t click, doesn’t work, or buzzes
23:23 Steps starting with plugging in your keyboard to the computer (testing, troubleshooting double presses, etc.)
27:26 Solenoid installation (optional)
31:02 Diagnosing issues with many keys
37:08 Opening up the keyboard inner assembly (change/maintain the layout or case)
40:08 Intermediate firmware adjustment (firmware/layout customization)
57:40 Appendix (cleaning, modifications, etc.)

I just came across a thorough F62 Kishsaver review video on YouTube (embedded below), which included setup, sound tests, solenoid on and off, along with various combinations of mods: Floss mod, foam mod (adding foam inside the keyboard to dampen the sound), using a keyboard mat, etc.

And for old time’s sake, here is one of my favorite videos from a keyboard meetup in 2018, highlighting the new Model F project. The song and editing are so nice, I have to see it a few times!

Here is a terrific video testing many mods to the project’s solenoid – it is interesting to hear how many different ways the solenoid can sound!

And here’s a nice F62 sound test that someone posted

F77 sound tests

Looking around on YouTube I also came across two new Model F videos that are both not what I have seen before! I cannot recommend the safety of what is done in the videos, so definitely do not try at home!

New Beam Spring Keyboard Reviews

For those who received their Round 1 board, how was your beam spring setup experience? I have not received too much feedback so far since they just started going out a few months ago.

How many modules broke in shipping and needed replacement? How much time did it take to set it up? Any other challenges or issues encountered during setup or after you used the board for a number of hours/days? Any issues with the spacebar (the trickiest of keys when combining beam spring with Cherry MX style stabilization).

I am posting (with permission) some of the earliest feedback I received on the Round 1 beam spring keyboard, back in early April:

“All of the keys were registering properly on arrival, and all the keys but one felt fine, which I did replace. I don’t know for sure if it could have been fixed, it probably could have, but it was just easier to replace the module altogether. I press the spacebar with my left thumb, not my right, so by moving the spring on the left side of the center stem it felt a lot more responsive. The spacebar wire did pop out of the right side stabilizer when I was removing the spacebar, I had to disassemble the keyboard to put it back into place, since the stabilizers don’t snap onto the plate. Otherwise the spacebar feels fine. No other issues, really, troubleshooting all this stuff took 30 mins. Based on my first impressions of people that I’ve talked to that own the keyboard, most seem very happy with how the project turned out.”

Thorough Beam Spring Round 1 Keyboard Review #1

Here is some more Round 1 beam spring feedback from a geekhack forum member that I wanted to share here.

Everyone please do share your feedback (even if there were little to no issues!), and also please share any mods or tips you have done to improve the beam spring keyboard.

https://geekhack.org/index.php?topic=114105.msg3160024#msg3160024

And another post is here: https://www.reddit.com/r/MechanicalKeyboards/comments/12tcpuw/beamspring_me_up_scotty/

For those who received their Round 1 board, how was your beam spring setup experience?

“Got mine today, and the following is written using it.

Unboxing
Love the box. Would love a deskmat with the beam and buckling spring designs.
The coolest part of the packaging by far is the invoice. I won’t spoil the surprise other than to say “No one can be told what the Matrix is. You have to see it for yourself.”

Testing and assembly
Watched the video. Lesson learned from my Model F assembly.
No major damage during shipping – no washer dropoff, non-clicking keys, etc.
Some variation on weight and sound. Did the “wiggle fix” on the W key.

Key test (connected, using Switch Hitter)
D stuck once, the first time, but after hitting it again it unstuck and did not restick
It’s best to put the keycaps on from top to bottom so that you can easily see the keycaps line up and know they are fully inserted
A couple of keys are slightly off-kilter by about 5 degrees. I’ll probably go back and address, which might require opening the case. Not a dealbreaker right now.

First impressions
The feel is PHENOMENAL
The sound is actually quite pleasing too
Love the spherical keys. May try out an MT3 keycap set as well.
The space bar (pre-installed) is a little heavy but I’m going to let it sit a couple of days before tuning it.

So far the keyboard has potential. The infinity war for the perfect keyboard might be over; I may have reached the end game. If only there were a 68-key version…

And yes, I’ll be ordering a Round 2 version also. After all, you know what they say about guys with big keyboards. That’s right: “They’re compensating for something.” ;D”

Thorough Beam Spring Round 1 Keyboard Review #2

Deskthority and reddit contributor HV_Medic has also posted a thorough review of the Round 1 beam spring keyboard. My reply to the feedback is copied below.

https://www.reddit.com/r/MechanicalKeyboards/comments/12vp1ys/another_new_beam_spring_keyboard_possible_end/

My comments:
Thanks HV_Medic for your well-informed and thorough review. Project coordinator here. Kindly see my replies below:

“Replacing this key [spacebar] is kind of obnoxious because you have to trim a module to accommodate the stabilizer.”
I recommend just replacing the white part (beam barrel part B) so you don’t have to use a dremel to trim one of the spare modules. I have used various tools to separate the washer from the module including pliers and a hammer (supported by pliers underneath the washer so as not to break the module). The Round 2 modules, recently produced Round 1 modules with updated tooling, and virtually all Round 1 boards shipped from this week onwards use an improved, friction fit washer so no glue or paper clips are required to take apart or reseat a module.

“The beam spring modules are very loud”–> this is correct. The round 2 boards have an improved design to add more foam and a new inner assembly instead of the case acting as the top and bottom plates. In my testing the Round 2 boards are slightly quieter and have less ringing due to the sound absorption.

“The alignment of many of the keys is not perfect, there are noticeable gaps between some of the keys, and some keys are rotated compared to others, it is not a big deal, but aesthetically the keyboard is not perfect.” This is correct. I see this with the original IBM beam spring modules too. The problem is a bit more noticeable with the repros in my opinion because of adapting the MX keycaps to the old beam spring design. The gaps between keys are a bit larger due to the width of the beam spring modules compared to the smaller footprint of MX switch modules, so gaps are more visible. I have also noticed rotation on keys for both Model F keyboards and beam spring keyboards because everything has looser tolerances. When the tolerances of the two beam spring plastic parts are too tight, the module is more likely to get stuck (this is another improvement for Round 2 and for the first aid kit modules of Round 1 that were shipped starting in the past week or so – the module tolerances have improved so they are not too tight). A very slight twisting of the keycaps in the opposite rotational direction may make the rotation less obvious, though this would need to be done at your own risk as it could snap the part B.

Regarding stabilizers, I found the stabilizers to negatively affect the performance of the non-spacebar keys so I recommended no stabilizers be installed or used. Some folks do prefer stabilized keys; Deskthority contributor darkcruix has suggested a mod that involves using costar style stabilizers for the other keys requiring stabilization and this seems like a good idea that may be preferable to many folks. The challenge is that the stabilizers are about 1mm lower than they should be for the Round 1 design because of the height of the MX plate being lower than the height of the beam spring plate. The round 2 design adds padding below the modules and above the inner assembly, in effect raising the plane of the plate mounted MX stabilizers, so installing the stabilizers may be less tricky with Round 2.

Regarding USB-C, some common feedback I received was to have the ability for folks to rotate usage among various mechanical keyboards in their collection quickly, by being able to use the same USB-C cable for multiple boards instead of dealing with various cables. I do agree with the suggestion of USB-B though and think it is a sturdy connection that would be good for keyboards since folks can trip over the cord. I will note also that the Round 2 boards, like all the classic style Model F keyboards, have USB cables internally stabilized by a metal P clip for strain relief. The compact style boards of both Model F and beam spring keyboards do not have such strain relief.

Regarding lock light wiring, the Round 2 boards of both the Model F and beam springs have the LEDs powered through traces on the same capacitive PCB, instead of separate wires. In the initial design, the worry was about the LED power signal interfering with the capacitive sensing so the wires were made separate, but this turned out to not be an issue during the Round 2 prototyping with traces.

Regarding modules being relatively fragile compared to Model F components, this is correct for the most part, though I have found F springs quite easy to damage by mistake while cleaning or adjusting them. The original beam spring modules were also relatively fragile. When I ordered two original IBM beam spring keyboards many years back, a number of the modules were damaged and I had to purchase spares from orihalcon to replace the damaged ones.

Glad you like the keycaps. It took over a year of searching to find this manufacturer. Many of the dozens of factories making components for the new Model F and Beam Spring projects do not advertise their products, not even on sites like Alibaba, so it is a matter of doing a lot of research and working with existing suppliers to find these additional potential suppliers. More details on the Model F reproduction journey can be found in the Google NYC Tech Talk embedded in the blog on the project web site. Due to the high MOQ of 1000 sets I won’t be offering any additional color schemes besides the two already offered.

Regarding repairing the broken modules, I recommend saving all of the parts except for the broken part B because they can be reused. In my experience most of the Round 1 QC failures are due to improperly assembled part B (white parts) and replacing the part B (with its thin rectangular metal part built in) almost always fixes any issue with the module. For now to keep things simple I only sell completed, tested modules but I have ordered thousands of part B extras in anticipation of these parts breaking in shipping. So far I have shipped nearly 100 beam spring keyboards over the past 5 weeks and I don’t think more than a few boards have needed replacement module parts mailed due to more than 4 failing beyond repair. 4 modules were included with each keyboard as part of a free mini first aid kit with the anticipation that up to 4 modules would arrive damaged, either due to assembly/quality control errors from the factory or due to damage sustained in shipping.

HV_Medic please do keep everyone posted on the forums with the results of any mods and experiments you do. I’d imagine the broken part B’s can be repaired with super glue but it’s probably better in the long run to just replace the part B’s.

Discussion comparing the Model F and Model M keyboards

I would like to quote another terrific post and share it on the project thread to help those who are on the fence about which keyboard to try. This one helps explain the differences between the Model F and Model M keyboard, better than how I have attempted to describe it:

del20nd wrote: 

April 18th, 2023, 6:20 pm

Resurrecting this thread because the exact same rant on reddit is among the top google results when you type in “IBM Model F vs Beamspring.” I want to respond to that but don’t have a reddit account anymore.

The link to that thread is here: https://www.reddit.com/r/MechanicalKeyboards/comments/nlb1bs/why_i_even_after_finally_owning_a_beamspring/

For reference, I have a combined 14-ish years experience typing on the F and M. About 6 years on an F122 and 8 on a beige logo M. The F122 is my current daily.

My opinion echoes others: the M is a fantastic keyboard, but the F is noticeably better. The technical differences between the switches are minor on paper, but they become amplified when you adapt a light typing style, and compound further if you have to type allot.

The light typing style is the key here: if you’re a heavy typist, there’s almost no difference between an F and M. When you type lightly, the small details in the design start to creep up. Both keyboards allow for light typing due to how buckling springs work in general, but the lighter keystroke that the F’s capacitive switch uses, combined with the ever-so-slightly more accurate “snappier” feeling actuation, add up to a more accurate feeling, less fatiguing board overall.

These are differences you feel a little bit moment-to moment, but allot more after extended typing sessions. If you’re typing a one page essay, this may not be noticeable at all. If you’re typing 20 pages of documentation or coding all day, 5 days a week, the M becomes noticeably more fatiguing and less accurate than the F. Not a bad board, I must emphasize, just noticeably not as good as the original!

The M’s greatest merit is ultimately in its value proposition: it’s most of the board that a Model F is, at roughly 25% of the price. Arguably the best “bang for buck” on the market today. It’s way down the ladder on the law of diminishing returns when compared to a Model F, and allows people who would never dream of spending $420 for a computer keyboard to have a fantastic typing experience. It’s seriously impressive how much of the key feel they were able to preserve given how much they streamlined the production.

The F is closer to perfection. It’s not a great value like the M, and the differences between the two boards are ultimately not mind blowing, but sometimes it’s worth reaching for that next level up in design perfection.

Especially if you type as much as I do. On that note, sorry for yet another long post”

As I continue doing experimentation, some interesting points on the beam spring keyboards

As of now, 93 new beam spring keyboards have shipped (just about every one that has been ordered up to the past couple days. The remaining current Round 1 stock that everyone can order is ~ 200 boards total (including both B104 and BSSK).

So far I have been installing and optimizing the space bar for each person who ordered a key set. Almost all boards were configured with a key set. Here are my current notes on space bar optimization:

Many of these steps should be unnecessary with the improved Round 2 boards.

Methods to fix/improve beam space bar actuation:
1. Change number of visible rings of the support spring from 5 to 6. A slight increase may be required to make the spacebar actuate reliably.
2. First test the space bar just barely attached to the beam module, but detached from the stabilizer. Press the space bar in the middle, above the beam module. It should easily return to its original position and you should hear the click each time without fail, even if you press it many times in a row. If it does not, need to inspect part B and adjust the bend of the ears (increase or decrease it, and make sure they are symmetrical) and the distance between metal and the beam flipper (increase this distance so the metal part is flat).
3. Replace white part (part B).
4. Adjust metal part for beam flipper ears and the distance from the metal part to the plastic flipper edges
5. Trim/file the area holding the plastic MX stabilizer insert in place, so that the plastic part can lift up freely with the lightest of finger pressure/movement (the side opposite the stabilizer wire). This is mostly needed for the first delivery (the one where I have to replace the springs).
6. Untested: Bend the stabilizer wire away from the module, or trim more away from the module in the area where it may be contacting the wire if it has not been trimmed sufficiently so that the wire is not contacting the module.

The space bar is tricky to install. Stabilizing a beam spring module does affect it – same as with the IBM original beam spring spacebars. That is why every other key, even the ultra wide right shift, works best unstabilized. I personally have been installing and fine tuning each space bar if someone ordered a key set to go with their keyboard. Sometimes when I don’t like how the space bar feels I replace the MX stabilizer insert plastic parts (2 on each side) with the included spares, and sometimes I will replace the module with another one (being sure to pick one where the module is trimmed like on the space bar modules – or I can trim any other module myself – the purpose of the trim is to allow the space bar wire to move more freely), and then the space bar will be noticeably nicer. It is more of an art than a science. Oiling or lubing the inserts has also been tried but I find that to adversely affect the spacebar feel and make it get stuck sometimes, so I do not recommend any material additions to the stabilizers. I am so used to the Model F keyboards that I have found it takes some getting used to when I switch to using beam spring keyboards. I agree with the floating, smooth, light characterization of the beam spring keyboard. That is a good way to describe it.

It seems like adjusting the springs and using springs that are about 1-2mm taller increases the press force about 10-15 grams, so I may offer springs with various free lengths as an aftermarket modification option.

There was some discussion last year about getting the right “exotic” material for the very thin metal part for beam barrel. Thanks to the material analysis posted by the interesting Silo beam switch project that is no longer underway (its goal was to offer significantly miniaturized MX-style switch modules with characteristics matching the beam spring switches), I have been able to find the material, which may have been updated slightly in modern times regarding the presence or absence of some of the trace elements.

It seems like IBM may have used the relatively new S45500 for the original material – aka “Custom 455,” trademarked in 1969 and first introduced to commerce in February 1965, right around the time that IBM started development work on the beam spring keyboard. The material is still considered exotic today and not easy to find. Details of the material history: https://trademarks.justia.com/723/26/custom-455-72326498.html

This will hopefully be another improvement for the Round 2 keyboards. “It possesses a yield strength which is nearly 3 times the strength of grade 304 stainless steel” according to https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=6853 so the Round 2 boards may have a longer potential MTBF, although this is likely to be a distinction without a difference given the metallurgical improvements over the past 50 years far outweighing the imperfections of the available materials IBM had to work with in 1970: maybe the MTBF is sufficiently high for both boards that it would not be the first point of failure, but we’ll have to wait years I guess to see the real-world usage. Round 1 boards used a premium variation of the standard SUS 304 stainless steel (there are too many variations of how this material is prepared and cooled after heating so it could be considered many materials under an SUS 304 umbrella).

Chemistry Typical per datasheet, reordered to sync with the Silo presentation below https://d2ykdomew87jzd.cloudfront.net/data-sheets/Custom-455-Stainless-Steel-Wire-UNS-S45500.pdf
Manganese: 0.50 max
Silicon: 0.50 max
Phosphorus: 0.040 max
Chromium: 11.00-12.50
Nickel: 7.50-9.50
Molybdenum: 0.50 max
Copper: 1.50-2.50
Titanium: 0.080-1.40
Columbium + Tantalum: 0.10-0.50
Carbon: 0.05 max
Sulfur: 0.030 max
Iron: Balance

Beam switch metallurgical analysis as published by the Silo team:

Leyden Jar controller update – a new open source controller with PS/2 support planned!
Good news from geekhack and Deskthority forum member Rico. Rico just announced the completion and open sourcing of the Leyden Jar controller project with the 18×8 extended matrix! And wcass has designed the F122 PCB to accommodate these extra pads, so now we have everything that is needed for the full F122 usage.

I have tested a prototype Leyden Jar controller on the Round 2 beam spring prototype and it works well in my typing tests. Rico has successfully tested the controller on a new Model F as well. The Leyden Jar controller is expected to be the default on the F122s.

The next step is to optimize the components / design for mass production at the lowest feasible cost that does not result in noticeable performance loss. At first glance the RP2040 based board seems to cost more than the ATMEGA-based controller, even with bulk quantity. It looks like the board uses several components that cost $0.50 or more each, compared to the ATMEGA-based design only using one such component, not counting the ATMEGA chip itself. Which components can be changed out for lower cost components, even if the design has to change a bit? The push buttons probably need to be eliminated for example, since they cost nearly $1 each.

https://www.keebtalk.com/t/the-leyden-j … s/17489/23

https://github.com/mymakercorner/Leyden_Jar

PS/2 support – A welcome surprise is that Rico has designed an add-on board that adds PS/2 support, however it has not yet been programmed on the firmware side so some development will be needed. It plugs into the solenoid header, which would not be needed for LEDs nor the solenoid, given the separate LED through holes and the PS/2 connection not permitting the required power for a solenoid.

Some of the higher cost components:
Comment Footprint Matched Part Detail
MCP4716A0T-E/CH SOT-23-6 MCP4716A0T-E/CHC110057
SOT-23-6 Digital To Analog Converters (DACs) ROHS
PCA9557PW,118 TSSOP-16_4.4x5mm_P0.65mm PCA9557PW,118C141380
8 400kHz I²C, SMBus TSSOP-16 I/O Expanders ROHS
ADP122AUJZ-3.3-R7 TSOT-23-5 ADP122AUJZ-3.3-R7C143910
300mA 60dB@(10kHz,100kHz) Fixed 3.3V~3.3V Positive 5.5V TSOT-5L Linear Voltage Regulators (LDO) ROHS
LMV339 TSSOP-14_4.4x5mm_P0.65mm LMV339IPWRC273648
TSSOP-14 Comparators ROHS
W25Q16JVUXIQ USON8_3x2mm W25Q16JVUXIQC2843335
USON-8-EP(2×3) NOR FLASH ROHS
mSMD110-16V Fuse_1210_3225Metric SMD1210-150C70102
6V 1.5A 100A 3A 1210 Resettable Fuses ROHS
USBLC6-2SC6 SOT-23-6 USBLC6-2SC6C7519
6V 17V Unidirectional 5.25V SOT-23-6 ESD Protection Devices ROHS

Firmware note for the new keyboard models

The latest pandrew utility needs to be used to recognize things as the program is updated with each new supported keyboard. I have just updated it on the project web site, along with updating the zip file of hex files. pandrew has also updated the beta QMK site if you wanted to customize the layout. In addition to the below link, you can also download this file directly from pandrew by following the link in pandrew’s QMK documentation https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=480196#p480196

https://www.modelfkeyboards.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/pandrew-utility-to-send-xwhatsit-to-bootloader.zip

https://www.modelfkeyboards.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/QMK-layout-files.zip

Here is a flush mount USB-C mod that seems to be non-destructive and fully reversible

https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4972816

Someone asked about getting some touch up paint for their powdercoated cases

As a reminder, the old-style powdercoated paint finish on the classic style case F62 and F77 reproductions is uncoated and will wear down over time with usage, just like the IBM originals. As a note, the paint formulations of the ultra compact F62/F77 cases, Model M style cases, and Round 2 beam spring cases are of a tougher, more modern formulation, but still with a good amount of texture for the vintage look.

Someone recently informed me of the wear on their new Model F and sent me a photo; here was my rather whimsical (!) reply:

That is kind of good to hear 🙂

I would just order a sample size of touch up paint for ~$8 from Home Depot.  Some locations have a paint matching machine where you could bring in your keyboard case to get the most accurate color, since colors vary slightly, but if you are okay with a close but not exact match you can refer the Home Depot staff member to the photo below as they can likely custom mix the paint with these codes.

But I would actually leave it if I were you; I like the sight of a well-worn bookmark, a professor’s old briefcase, etc.!

Why are all of the project cases metal? Why not use plastic? Why are they powdercoated?

The powdercoating better approximates the original Model M plastic texture which is why there will be no anodized classic style cases for the Model M style case models. The newly introduced Ultra Compact models (F104, FSSK, Ortholinear, F15, F50) are all anodized, however. The True Red anodized cases came out extra nice in my opinion.

Regarding metal, the original Model F 4704 keyboards were metal cased, so I chose metal cases for the reproductions. For the Model M style cases I chose to continue with metal as I feel that a plastic case would be out of place for a high end keyboard. Unfortunately the aluminum case molds can not be switched to make some cases out of plastic or zinc (I looked into this) so everyone has to stay with aluminum. These keyboards are still quite heavy even with aluminum instead of zinc: the Classic F104 weighs about 8 pounds (!) excluding packaging, compared to about one more pound for the classic F77, even though the latter case is made of zinc and the former is aluminum.

Small vs. Large Scale Manufacturing

Here is a very interesting post discussing the differences between small scale and large scale hardware manufacturing as reported by forum member del20nd, who was involved in the latter. It is a great read. Here is the original post that I have quoted below: https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=513306#p513306

Ellipse wrote: April 12th, 2023, 6:35 pm
This is an interesting discussion. del20nd you mentioned your experience in hardware manufacturing? Anything (details, best practices, advice, etc.) you are able to share, if it is appropriate?


Sure! I can talk about the subject generally, without going into the nitty-gritty specifics of how the company was run. (That information probably wouldn’t help too much anyway, as they worked on a very different scale than this project. In fact, to that end, watching your google talk about the small scale you’re working on was fascinating because of how it compared to larger scale manufacturing.)

Quick background for perspective on where I’m coming from:

My experience in manufacturing comes from four years of recently developing for, supporting and maintaining the ERP system of a medium scale US based appliance manufacturer in the role of a software analyst. The platform their ERP ran on was an IBM AS/400 / iSeries / Power System. In other words, the platform that 122 key Model F/M keyboards are actually intended to be used on 😀 . I’ve moved on from this particular company, but am still generally working on the IBM platform.

For those that don’t know, an ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system is more-or-less the backbone software package that any large corporation uses to track their business. Distribution centers, manufacturers, insurance companies, grocery store chains, etc all use ERPs that are tailored to their specific business needs. There’s leeway in how these get used from company to company (some are allot more paper oriented than others), and they range from being out-of-the-box installs to extremely customized. In extremely generalized terms, a manufacturer might use an ERP to track Bills of Material, Material Orders, Finished goods, payroll, resource planning, shipments, invoices, audit history, etc, etc, etc. Which of those things, and in what capacity they’re used, will vary wildly from one business to another.

Given that the ERP touches basically everything in the company, that I went out of my way to learn how the business was run (because I’m a bit of a knowledge sponge), and I happened to be employed during one of the most frantic, disruptive periods in modern manufacturing history, which required allot of out-of-the-box thinking to keep operations moving along, I have a decent thousand yard view of how it all comes together.

So anyway…

Tips and stuff:

I guess in general, given that it’s such a completely different ecosystem, be wary of tips from anybody working in medium to large scale manufacturing :D. You already know this, but the general knowledge around making 1,000 of something is wildly, wildly different than the general knowledge around making a million of something. In seeing how you overcame obstacles, I was starting to wonder, for example, if scale played into why you went for aluminum cast casings instead of plastic for the new keyboards, even though nobody would’ve batted an eye at plastic since it’s “period correct” for the newest project: I started looking into it and it seemed like maybe the die casts for aluminum at a small scale, combined with the higher labor cost made more economic sense for you than investing in the very expensive injection molds that would be required to make plastic parts, even though there’d be a labor savings. Or maybe, if it didn’t save money directly, if the cost difference was small enough to justify the higher quality case.

I don’t need to tell you that your keyboard shouldn’t be managed the same way as a production line churning out 6 million CD players of course, but I do see allot of questions like “why is this keyboard $420 when it doesn’t even come with X Y Z premium super-premium 25 year warranties that [really big manufacturer] offers,” and I think this is just people not realizing how much scale plays into the pricing we see on electronics today, and how spoiled we all are by that. These keyboards cannot ever have the same economy of scale as Logitech, that the margins on these boards may actually be lower than what a big manufacturer pulls, and you have to be realistic about what things cost when there’s one person working on making only a few thousand of them!

If I try to think of something that could maybe broadly apply, while it wouldn’t make a lick of sense for you to buy into a major ERP platform given your scale, especially because you’re the only one touching the data, it might make sense for you to come up with data management conventions that mimicked the structure of an ERP if you haven’t already.

I’m not sure how you’re doing this now, but at the absolute minimum I’d have a religiously kept system to track incoming parts, bills of material to assemble orders, material orders for what’s required for each variant of keyboard assembly, finished goods, invoices, etc. This organization is key to how larger manufacturers are able to turn around product. Keeping that info well tracked would definitely be helpful if you ever scaled up how much you’re making. Given that I didn’t work at such a small scale, I don’t know what’s on the market in this regard, or if maybe you’re just really, really good at keeping Excel spreadsheets in order, but the big guys who are growing are very careful/organized with their data.

I’m probably not too useful on how to manage your supply chain; I did work with those guys but didn’t do their job. I can say that it’s a very quick moving, adaptive field, especially in the last few years. I guess I could apply that to your situation by saying to be creative in how you overcome bottlenecks? For example, if your supplier suddenly decided that they’re not going to powder coat the cast aluminum keyboard casings, don’t rule out doing something like importing them unpainted and contracting somebody local, even an auto body shop. As long as you keep those processes well documented so you know what works and what doesn’t. Supply setbacks are common, especially these days, but there are sometimes ways around them if you’re creative, especially if you’re the first one to think of the solution and can negotiate a price under the radar.

Another thing I can’t really talk about is how to deal with overseas manufacturers, since our factories were domestic, and made particular effort to keep as much of the supply chain domestic as possible. We did have to contract out some parts where no domestic options existed (broad example, there’s not one manufacturer in the US who makes electrolytic capacitors, so if you’re a company that needs some of those you’ll be working with an international supplier) but unfortunately all of my advice here is broad platitudes which are well known: be careful of your suppliers, as Chinese factories are notorious for ripping off patented designs. Given your scale, and the fact that you’re not patenting anything, you might not have to worry about things like this.

That’s all I can think off the top of my head.

Given what you’ve done here, you know way more than I do, but I’m smart enough to at least understand that I. I can make educated guesses about why you may or may not have made this-or-that choice, and can tediously explain to people in the Ars Technica comments section that no, you’re not Samsung and no, you’re not “ripping people off”, that this is just what it costs to bring a few thousand Models F into the world, that it’s actually a miracle that these things can be brought to maket so affordably at all and he’s keeping prices this low by not having the overhead of multi-year warranties and 24/7 on-call support hotlines, that if you can’t accept that small projects will inevitably cost more money then you’re not in the market for one of these keyboards, please just buy a mass market mech board if you want to spend $100 or less, etc, etc….

If I do come up with anything else I’ll try to remember to post it, and if you have any specific questions that maybe you want to try to jog my memory on, please feel free to PM or just reply here.


My reply:

This is a great read del20nd! Thanks for sharing it.

Regarding ERP I manage these projects using ERPNext (as well as with non-ERP offerings like Excel and WordPress’s Woocommerce), which helps with inventory management and accounting. We are dealing with more than one million parts so it would be more work to track this manually in another way. This way with ERPNext I can track how much quantity of each item is where (in my stock or at the factory), whether the quantity has been moved into an assembled unit, and what I am running low on and need to order more of.

Regarding metal, the original Model F 4704 keyboards were metal cased so I chose metal cases for the reproductions. For the Model M style cases I chose to continue with metal as I feel that a plastic case would be out of place for a high end keyboard. Unfortunately the aluminum case molds can not be switched to make some cases out of plastic or zinc (I looked into this) so everyone has to stay with aluminum. These keyboards are still quite heavy even with aluminum instead of zinc: the Classic F104 weighs about 8 pounds (!) excluding packaging, compared to about one more pound for the classic F77, even though the latter case is made of zinc and the former is aluminum.

Here are some forum comments I made the day after the March 31st launch of the new project

The announcement was late on 3/31, not an April 1st joke. I did get a few folks asking me though! Some emails were delivered on April 1st.

Today I brought some of the new F and Beam Spring models to the NYC keyboard meetup where I met some forum members in person, including darkcruix! It is always nice to put faces to the names and forum user names.

Are more split cases going to be made in the future? –> I don’t think so, not sure.

Are there plans for a M-styled case for the ergodox? –> Nope, due to the high costs of making a new mold.

And when does the dutch auction end? –> Not sure, maybe one month is enough time to make sure everyone has had enough time to consider what they want? Seems like a good balance between that and delaying the shipments too much.

The new Model M style Model F cases are not compatible with any other models or projects. They accommodate the thicker inner assembly of a Model F versus a Model M and there are some changes, so they are not 100% drop in replacement reproductions of the Model M cases (folks can’t upgrade their Model M keyboards to metal cases alas). I hope to post more photos later this month when the prototypes arrive.

Regarding suggested logos for the square badge spot in the new F122: Rendering has improved so much from back in the day. Many look like photographed images! I’m hoping to be able to make a few logos but anyone can put in their own logo in the spot in the F122 case. The logos can also be affixed to the other cases in any position. So as not to require a logo as with the F122, the other cases all do not have a recessed spot for the logo so they can be used without logos.

As noted on the project pages, the Classic F104 case in some of the posted photos and videos is a 3d printed sample case. It was made before the molds were approved for the die cast aluminum cases (so I can hopefully catch mistakes before the mold is produced). I hope to post more photos later this month when the prototypes arrive.

I think the F122 is the closest option to the F107 layout but with additional keys on the top and fewer keys in one of the blocks of keys, so I would recommend the F122 if you are hoping for a F107 style board. The F122 case is not going to be a 4704 however as that would have required another mold.

And here is another nice F77 customization posted over on reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/MechanicalKeyboards/comments/128zfv2/f77_model_f_reproduction_keyboard_w_custom_keycaps/

Brand New Model F Major Launch! Full size and other models! March-April 2023 Update

The next Brand New Model F Keyboards project launches today!

Now available to order: F104, FSSK, F122, F15, F50, and Split Ortholinear Ergonomic

The layouts and cases of these regular/full size Model F boards were modeled after the later-production Model M keyboards and their more standardized/modernized layouts, but with the same Model F internal components and XT-quality dye sublimated keycaps as with the original F62/F77 project. A number of folks have been asking me for a full size board and other board types so here they are!

Some models are offered in both Model M style and ultra compact style cases. All cases are metal, even though they were designed to match the IBM Model M case designs of old.

Click on the “shop” link above to view more photos and details about each keyboard model and the available customization options.

Rather than wait for orders before starting production, I decided to go ahead and purchase many of these boards ahead of receiving orders. Production has finished for many of these boards and they are in stock and should start shipping in the later part of April or May. As always the in stock keyboards from this new project will not ship until all of the in stock Round 1 beam spring boards finish shipping. So far, 44 out of 80 Round 1 boards have shipped.

Today we have 8 new models!

Currently in stock: Ultra Compact F104, Ultra Compact FSSK, F15 Split Ergonomic, F50 macro pad

Currently in production: The 3 metal case classic Model M style F104, FSSK, and F122 keyboards and also the Split Ortholinear Ergonomic model

I was not sure how many of the ultra compact boards would be in demand, so for the in stock units I ordered extremely limited quantities of each: only 25 F50, 50 each of the two types of ergonomic boards: (the F15 style which is based on the very rare IBM M15 keyboard, and the split ortholinear style based on the Ergodox Cherry MX boards), and 200 each of the compact F104 and FSSK. The classic M Style case offerings (Classic F122, F104, and FSSK) are not limited at this time and will have a much larger first production run that is currently in progress. The Buckling Spring Ortholinear-style boards arrived but had an issue with the top inner assembly so they will ship later.

The classic M Style case keyboards (F122/F104/FSSK) support internal mounting of the solenoid driver and solenoid while the other ultra compact anodized case models do not (same as with the F77/F62).

No reservations needed for F104 and FSSK, neither for the compact nor classic case models. Anyone can order today.

There is a reservation process for the split ergonomic and F50 boards:

So as to fairly allocate the F50 and both split ergonomic versions, the pricing will be set by reverse Dutch auction, with every winner paying the same amount, which is the lowest winner’s bid. The way this works is that everyone will fill out the Google form below and write down their maximum bid (limit of 1 type of each board per person; however, you can bid on and win one of each of the 3 board types up for auction).

The highest ~40 bids for each of the 50 available split ergonomic models (and the highest ~20 bids for the 25 available F50 keyboards) will all pay the lowest bid of the ones that made the cut. For example, if you bid $1000 and 39 other folks bid $500, all 40 of you pay $500 – you would not have to pay the $1000 you bid. If you bid $499 and 40 folks bid $500, you lose and do not get any of the keyboards. It is on the honor system; please do not put a number that is higher than what you are able to pay this month.

Please review the product pages before bidding so you know exactly what you may be getting if you win one. As indicated above, I will reserve a number of the boards (around 5-10) for later sales to the public at a higher price to recoup the earlier project’s cost overruns and allow those who lost the auction or did not hear about it in time to have an opportunity to get one.

Reservation / Dutch auction link only for F50 and split ergonomic keyboards: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1PqXBAtHVRHWHvheCSMXVNI96_zuhXMMhnrQ2piT6QLk/

All models have painted/powdercoated aluminum metal cases or anodized aluminum cases, even though they were designed to look like the original IBM Model M cases which were made of plastic. I do not offer any plastic case Brand New Model F keyboards. One keyboard in the above photo (the M Style F104) shows a 3D printed plastic case as it is a sample unit.

Why didn’t I start the new Model F project with a full size or Model M style board? What took so long with the original Brand New Model F Keyboards project? What is the most interesting part of the manufacturing process? Check out my Google NYC Tech Talk video embedded below for details behind this and other aspects of the project’s journey.

Not to worry, you can still order the classic case style and ultracompact case style F77 and F62 keyboards for the time being. I still have many in stock of each variation, but these final round keyboards will be on a “while supplies last” basis until they are all gone. Surprisingly, many new Model F users are picking up one or two spare boards for the future (or to use in a secondary location), having enjoyed their new Model F boards over the past couple years. While the new boards have a variety of layouts to choose from, none of them have the ultra-heavy zinc case option available exclusively with the classic style F77 and classic F62 keyboards (zinc is about 3 times as heavy as aluminum so the new aluminum case boards will likely not weigh as much). More than 4,000 Brand New Model F F62 and F77 keyboards have shipped in recent years.

Some folks have outstanding orders such as a beam spring keyboard, Model F keyboard, or accessories.  I have already paid the factory for these items and they are either in stock, in production, or have completed production and are on their way to me.  Unfortunately I am unable to exchange or cancel any prior orders so that you can get one of these new offerings.  Please don’t ask!  No exceptions.

4/2/23 important YouTube note: please resubscribe to the new YouTube channel for the project linked here. The project’s original YouTube channel seems to have been erroneously deleted. I sent a message to YouTube support. I have mirrored the videos here: https://www.youtube.com/@Brand_New_Model_F_Keyboards

The latest newsletter with the corrected YouTube links can be found here: https://mailchi.mp/383aff582666/brand-new-model-f-major-launch-full-size-and-other-models-2023-update-9222437

Here’s a 3 1/2 minute video introducing the Model F reproduction project and the new Model F keyboard models:

YouTube video: typing test and teardown for the new keyboard models launched today!

Now posted on YouTube: my Google NYC Tech Talk on Bringing Back the Model F Keyboard

It was a great honor to be invited to speak at Google offices last year on the journey to bring the IBM Model F keyboard back into production. Once again a big thanks to Tony at Google for setting everything up and for obtaining permission from Google for me to share this video publicly. A big thanks to the Googlers for keeping the announcement of new Model F models under wrap for so long, until it was ready to launch! The folks at this meetup were the first to try the new Model F and beam spring models; this was also my first meetup in a long time which was nice.

Brand New Beam Spring Keyboards start to ship

A couple weeks ago, the new Beam Spring Round 1 keyboards started shipping. The Round 2 boards (classic case style B62, BSSK, B104, and B122) are expected to finish production and go out later this year. The model number corresponds to the layout style and approximate key count (62=60% style, SSK=IBM 84 key SSK style, 104=standard style, 122=122-key terminal keyboard style).

Important Keycap Removal note (not in the setup video): I use a wire key puller with a gentle and slow rocking motion and have no issues removing the caps. The keycaps cannot be pulled up fast in one motion. If you are using a lot of strength to pull them straight up or twist them, then you will most certainly break the modules. One user reported that they broke a number of their modules this way.

The PBT double shot key sets arrived and they look great. The all black keys with white legends also look great. These sets are available separately in the shop for other MX keyboards as it is a standard Cherry MX compatible set (check out the Beam Spring Extras product page). Regarding keycap colors the minimum order quantity is 1,000 sets per color scheme, which is why there are only two color schemes (total 2,000 key sets).

The keys are a custom profile not in line with any standard MX keycap profile. As shown in the photos the keys are quite flat relative to each other but do vary slightly in row height, from about 9.5 to 11.5mm from what I can see. So I guess they would be called very slightly sculpted? You can see the relative key heights in these photos of the keys installed on a new beam round 1 board: https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=510145#p510145

As a reminder Round 1 and Round 2 boards are now open for all to order; you no longer need an invitation. Round 1 production quantity is limited to about 150 boards for each model (B104 and BSSK); once these sell out you will only be able to get a Round 2 board. All Round 1 and Round 2 options are still available to order, though we are running low in stock.

So far we have more than $180,000 in new beam spring keyboard orders after a few months – well beyond my expectations.

The first feedback for the Round 1 boards that just started shipping was posted recently on the beam spring project thread on the Deskthority forum (copied and linked to below).

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=512894#p512894

March 23rd, 2023, 1:49 pm

Ellipse wrote: 

March 23rd, 2023, 1:30 pm

Great Rena! The first photo of these boards out there! Please do share your experience following the setup video and setting things up. How many switches needed replacement? How is the key feel? Did you notice any shipping damage to the box or contents?

“Shipping:
Everything arrived safely/without damage, there were a few dents/scratches on the main shipping box but nothing alarming or noteworthy. Key caps in the separate boxes were all undamaged and packed securely.

Setup experience:
The setup experience was great, I might have been lucky, but I tested each pre-installed switch several times and had no issues with stuck or off feeling switches so I didn’t need to replace any of them or do the wiggle method. Adding the keycaps was an easy process. I did have to remove and swap out some key caps for my layout and I was very careful to wiggle back and forth until they came off instead of pulling straight out. Plugged it into my PC and everything was good to go!

EDIT: Since using this I have noticed some keys that felt off a bit, using the wiggle method in the video has solved them though.

Key feel:
I’m not great at reviewing switches but my first thought was “Wow!”, this is the type of feeling I was hoping for when I purchased the Model F77. The Model F is still great, but I can see why others consider this a “step up”. Each key feels distinct and “heavy”(?). It does feel like you’re typing on a typewriter. I think it will take a few days to get up to speed with it, I’m not as fast as I was with the Model F, but this definitely feels more “fun” to type on if that makes sense at all.

I also enjoy the sound a lot more than the sound from the F77. It’s louder I think but it doesn’t have a “ping” sound that the F77 had.”

Photos of the new die cast injection molds for the new Model M style cases

The below photos show the 3 new M Style aluminum die cast case tops, unpainted, as well as the mold for the F122 case top. The bottom cases are made by CNC milling and bending, as a mold was not needed.

You will notice from the photos below (and more clearly in the photos on each of the new M Style case product pages) that the F122 retains the original IBM full size Model M case design and not the expanded case size of the original IBM F122 and M122, and the FSSK retains the original IBM full size Model M case design and not the reduced-size top bezel as found in the original IBM SSK (Space Saving Keyboard).  The main reasons for this are to keep the designs consistent (the F122, F104, and FSSK all are the same exact length from front to back, even though the F122 has an extra row) and also to allow the solenoid driver and solenoid to fit comfortably inside all 3 of the keyboards.

Photos of the very first die cast aluminum Model M style case samples

The factory did a good job matching the original IBM texture, despite the IBM cases being made of plastic and these new cases all being metal.

Transparent relegendable MX keys for the beam spring boards

Also the transparent relegendable MX keys are now available to order on the beam spring extras page. I have ordered these keys from the factory. The actual keycap bottom pieces will all be black, not beige as pictured in the first photo below. I specified a set of 22 as the base set (10 keys on the left side + 12 keys in the top row). The regular key sets do not include extra keys to cover a B122 keyboard so I recommend ordering the relegendable keys. The keys are also available individually.

https://www.modelfkeyboards.com/product/beam-spring-extras/

Round 2 beam spring renderings

These designs have been submitted to the factory. They will be making a prototype of each keyboard size before proceeding to production. The cases are offered in the same case colors as the compact F cases (industrial gray, black, off-white/beige, dark blue, light blue, and red). For the other colors the tooling and paint mixing costs would be several hundred dollars so I would recommend taking the case to a local powdercoating company if you’d like another color.

The holes on the bottom of the case are for the solenoid driver PCB, solenoid, and P clip, as well as 4 holes for screw-in bumpers (adhesive bumpers can also be used). I designed the cases with predrilled holes dedicated to the solenoid and solenoid driver so they do not need to be shared as with the F77/F62.

Beam spring washer update

I have ordered a mold for the beam spring washer. Instead of the glue on metal washer from the original design, the Round 2 boards will have a removable friction-fit plastic washer with a cross in the middle to match the cross of an MX key module (a reminder that this project uses MX style keycaps). This helps speed up and facilitate end-user repair time and initial assembly time. Now if the flipper falls out of place there is no more need to use the paper clip method – you can just remove the washer by hand and reattach the flyplate. The purpose of the washer is primarily to hold the spring and o-ring in place before keycaps are installed, so it did not need to be permanently attached with glue.

I know of at least one example where a leg (“beam barrel part B” – the white color plastic part) broke off in shipping while installed in a module, so it can definitely happen to both original and reproduction beam spring keyboards. I show this particular example in the beam spring setup video posted in the manual.

The roughness of shipping in recent years is one main reason why each beam spring keyboard is getting free modules as part of the mini first aid kit for beam spring keyboards, plus I replace broken module parts under the limited warranty as described on the product page.

Keyboard meetups

Everyone please do keep me updated on the various keyboard meetups. I am hoping to see the various meetups in NY, NJ, DC, etc. back up and running this year. Hopefully you can bring your Brand New Model F and Beam Spring keyboards to all the various keyboard meetups that I cannot attend.

Mechanical keyboard meetups are now happening again in NYC. I have signed up for the next one in April (this weekend). I hope to bring a new Model F keyboard as well as a new beam spring keyboard. This will be my first meetup since 2019! Hoping to see some of you there.

https://nyckeyboardmeetup.com/

Updated project manual

Recently the Model F manual on the project web site was reformulated and updated, and a step-by-step setup video for the Brand New Beam Spring Keyboards was posted in the manual. It is also embedded below. A comprehensive setup video for the new Model F keyboards is forthcoming.

New layout photos and video: Quebec CSA and French AFNOR (BEPO)

A big thanks to Deskthority contributor AlexB555 for creating this layout. Recently the same forum member (quoted below) submitted a new set French AFNOR (BEPO). This set can be ordered on the Full Key Set store page. Please see that page for details on which key is included in each set (as always, each set does not include every pictured key in a given graphic).

“This layout was developed in the early 2000s and standardized by the French government in 2019. Contrary to the traditional French AZERTY layout, the French BÉPO seems more appreciated in Quebec/Canada. Microsoft seems to offer this “new” French layout in their preview build since November 2022, I expect to see this layout included in the next stable version soon. I need to install the correct preview build on my computer and test it. I will let you know when it’s ready. This layout is more “classical”, doesn’t have a proper gr2 key (ctrl-right), just a second boat wheel (right) and the Christmas tree (Alt Gr) will be blue. This layout is ISO only.”

https://www.modelfkeyboards.com/product/extra-set-of-brand-new-production-xt-quality-one-piece-keys/

If anyone is interested in any additional designs enough to cover the minimum order quantity costs please email / PM me within the next week or so as things become finalized. I have seen some nice suggestions today from AlexB555 as well as from others in the past. I have to double check whether the minimum order quantity is 10 or 20 for each design with the standard pricing in the shop.

AlexB555’s photo album of the new Quebec CSA set

IMG_0273

Here is a video describing the Quebec CSA key set, along with a typing test on an F77.

QMK firmware notes and bug report – any ideas?
Deskthority contributor wolfman is working on refactoring the QMK code to be accepted by the main QMK web site. The most recent update: “Since last November there have been changes to the QMK build system. The changes are preventing my refactored version the QMK firmware to compile with the newest version for QMK. My updates to support the newest version of VIA are going to take even longer.”

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=511955#p511955

Due to the above QMK changes, regarding compiling QMK, it seems like you need to use an older version of QMK. Or you could just use pandrew’s git version exactly and make any changes from there, without updating anything from newer QMK branches, until the issue is resolved.

For the firmware files I have compiled on the project web site, I enable the option to toggle NKRO through a key combination but set it to disabled by default for compatibility reasons, as detailed in the manual. For the beta QMK configurator web site I believe that NKRO cannot be toggled back on.

I received this note from someone: The issue has to do with waking a computer from sleep mode, with a new Model F directly connected to the computer. “I have tested all the keys, nothing is stuck and appears to work OK once logged in, but when pressing space bar or any key to wake the computer, instead of doing to the normal splash screen and then you press a key to bring up the login box, the keyboard is constantly repeating the keystroke until i press for example the back key then it stops, hence it jumps straight to the login prompt and continues to fill it until I press the back key.”

I think it may be a firmware bug or a USB power saving setting that needs to be adjusted.

https://www.tenforums.com/attachments/tutorials/114577d1485975114-turn-off-usb-selective-suspend-windows-10-a-usb_selective_suspend_setting.png

LED Overlays

I have approved production on the LED overlays and the first batch of 500 should be arriving to me in early April. Even this not-too-complex part was difficult to source and took about 9 months to find a supplier that can meet the requirements. The texture of the plastic material was most challenging. The samples look good, though I noted that the factory needs to adjust the color balance before proceeding (or maybe it is just the lighting angle; the one installed on the IBM Model M case is the original one for comparison). As always we have geekhack and Deskthority forum member Zed to thank for the excellent results on the various IBM style key sets and LED overlays. The BSSKs of both Round 1 and 2, as well as the FSSK, do not have LEDs built into the cases, though the controllers support adding LEDs. The LED overlays can also be used with original IBM and Lexmark Model M keyboards.

pandrew’s solenoid driver potential upgrade

Some recent feedback I received. I don’t know if this upgrade is recommended or will affect the lifespan of the solenoid in a noticeable way.

“What ended up improving the responsiveness substantially was replacing R7 with a lower resistance resistor. This has the effect of increasing the boost voltage to 12v instead of 9. As a result the solenoid has WAY more power. The result is that I can use a basically insignificant dwell time. I currently have it set at 1ms. This is about 20x faster than what I could do at 9v. Now the solenoid has no problem keeping up with me. I also upgraded the cap to 470uf instead of the 220uf. This is my first electronics project and it was a lot of fun. I do not think the cap headroom is needed – just the resistor change so the boost converter boosts all the way up to 12v instead of 9v. I noticed a significant increase in both power and speed. To counter act that so it wasn’t deafeningly loud I unwound the spring a little bit. That also made it return faster which lets it keep up with my typing speed.”

Metal Badges – recommendations?

I am planning on ordering some logo badges for the keyboards, that have adhesive backing to be affixed on any keyboards but are the size of the F122 badge (a little smaller than the badges on the XT style keyboards). Any recommendations on the graphics options to offer? There is a spot for these badges on the M Style F122 keyboard now available to order. I was thinking the buckling spring logo and maybe the beam spring logo? Of course the original logo or anything similar to it cannot be used, so no line art. Dot matrix text/art would probably be fine.

Does anyone know the original process to apply the graphics for optimal appearance and longevity? Sublimation, printing, heat transfer, lasering with paint infill, etc.

Some other IBM badge projects:

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?t=18885
https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?t=18905
https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?f=50&t=13814&start=60

KVM Switches note
There has been some discussion on KVM switches since they have been known to be tricky to work with Model F keyboards. Here are some notes that someone sent me on a solution that was found to be working with Model F keyboards:

“I am currently using the IOGEAR 4-Port HDMI 4K KVMP Switch — GCS1934H. I have used a variety of KVM’s over the years (different vendors, different video interfaces, etc.), and have had the best luck with the IOGEAR devices. As I don’t have the actual KVM in sight, I am dependent on using the keyboard triggered control sequences to switch between my 4 computers, and the F77 looks like a “typical” generic USB keyboard, so the keyboard based switching works fine, as do the media keys that I have configured. As with most things of this nature, YMMV, but this is a configuration that is working exactly as I require.

IOGEAR 4-Port HDMI 4K KVMP Switch – 2-Port USB 3.1 Hub Transfer Rate 5Gbps – 4K 60Hz – Control 4 Computers w/1 Keyboard Mouse – HD Audio – Auto Scan Mode – TAA – Mac/Win – GCS1934H”

Here’s travel case that a forum member has recommended for the F77: viewtopic.php?f=2&t=27873

Pad printed Model F / Model M keys update

The factory continues working on setting up the tooling and production for the pad printed keys. Please sign the interest form here to reserve your set. As noted before, I can start accepting orders once they complete a good quality key set sample.

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1873Q9wJFyNvJ4-TEBN6P9JbzaVxErbNd-h4XtN1DfNk/

Additional mod ideas

Check out the interesting mods done by Deskthority forum member o2dazone: “Added a solenoid, floss modded my springs and did the ‘holee mod’ for the spacebar stabilizer this weekend (with a dab of ro59 on the stab bar that touches the spacebar).”

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=512179#p512179
https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=512187#p512187
https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=512214#p512214

A note on one often-overlooked advantage of IBM beam spring and Model F keyboards: repairability

Both the Model F and beam spring keyboards require maintenance as dust and debris enter the keyboard and affect the capacitive sensing, more so with the beam spring design, and Model F springs and metal parts in the beam modules do fail. I would say that in general the IBM Model F was designed to be more robust and require less maintenance than their predecessor the beam spring keyboards, and I would expect that to apply the same to the reproductions of each technology.

Given that examples of keyboards manufactured with both of these IBM technologies are extant today I don’t think that one would necessarily outperform the other long-term. I do offer first aid kits and spare parts for both the F and beam boards so hopefully everyone can maintain both boards long after the project has shut down. Maintenance for both board types is relatively straightforward compared to other keyboards which are often non-repairable. Parts can be taken apart and reassembled, so I do not think anyone should doubt whether to use one of these keyboards or the other because of the prospect of maintenance.

Posting (with permission) a number of nice custom setups

F77 with classic style black case:

Here is a nice unique customized F77 posted on imgur a couple months ago. I like that so many folks have done nice customizations of these keyboards.

Here is a nice F77 Silver Gray case color with blue and dark gray custom keycaps.

Here are two nice setups posted over on reddit:

Bolt mod” process recommendations (Model M keyboards only)

I bolt modded a number of IBM Model M keyboards many years ago (~2014), having learned what I’ve noted below from a fellow community member, and thought I would share what I learned for other interested in bolt modding. The Model F and beam spring designs do not need to be bolt modded. With the Model F, the two inner assembly plates slide apart to mod the layout and perform repairs such as replacing flippers or wiping down the capacitive PCB surface to remove dust. With Model M boards, you must break all of the rivets to do so and this irrevocably affects the original sound of the boards, so it should only be performed if absolutely necessary. You could permanently crack the brittle old plastic. so this would be done at your own risk.

I used an inexpensive drill press found on Amazon to drill through the plastic rivets, a 0.07″ drill bit, and 2/56 x 5/16 Stainless Steel Button Head Torx Machine Screws. No nuts were used. Try to drill where you feel the center of the rivet post is, instead of the center of the hole or the center of the large plastic part sticking out of the bottom inner assembly plate.

I did not separate the plastic top inner assembly from the metal bottom plate as that usually increased the risk of the old IBM plastic cracking. Sometimes it would have to be opened up if there was a problem inside. Also I made a jig to hold the parts together (not sure about its details after so many years).

Start with the weakest rivets/those rivets that have already fallen off, and then the middle rows. Do not drill out every rivet and then screw in all the bolts. Only drill out a few at a time before screwing in the bolts for those ones. The old plastic rivets should be removed before screwing in the bolts.

The bolts should not be screwed in so tight as there is no room for the inner assembly. This is an art more than a science. Increased bolt tightness may reduce key ping/noise while decreased tightness may do the opposite. I recommend backing up (unscrewing) each bolt about one turn of the screwdriver from a fully tight bolt.

Loctite or other material is not necessary in my experience as the bolts are tightly held in place in the plastic.

Make sure your torx T8 screw heads are in good condition so that you do not damage the bolts. Buy several of these as they will wear out over time.

Never bolt mod the bottom row as it is unnecessary and interferes with the keyboard.

Here is a gallery of images and renderings of the new keyboards now available to order (see the individual product pages for larger photos)

Brand New Model F January 2023 update

Apologies that I have not posted an update in a while on the blog, though please do check the project forum threads on Deskthority and geekhack for more frequent updates. Brand New Model F Keyboards continue to go out.

Model F orders now ship within ~1-2 weeks – no more order backlog!

I finally finished going through the backlog late last year. The project has changed from the old made-to-order nature of prior rounds. This time I ordered a whole bunch of keyboards for the final round ahead of the received orders and every variation is now in stock, so there is no more long waits for keyboards, key sets, and accessories.

More than 4,100 Brand New Model F keyboards have shipped. Over 19,000 individual line items and over $2.2 million (including shipping costs).

New reviews and articles:

Here is a review article on the Brand New Ultra Compact F77 keyboard over at Cult of Mac

https://www.cultofmac.com/801538/model-f-keyboard-review/

Here’s a nice in-depth article on mechanical keyboards initially featured on the home page of The New Yorker – the Brand New Model F project is mentioned

https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/the-obsessive-pleasures-of-mechanical-keyboard-tinkerers

My talk at Google: a presentation on the project to bring back the Model F keyboard

I was generously invited to speak at Google’s main NYC office on 9/29/22 and had a terrific time as a guest there. Their offices are fascinating. I am hoping that the speech and slide deck can be posted publicly at some point.

Brand New Beam Spring keyboards project update:

The order window has just opened for the Brand New Beam Spring Keyboards, available in various cases and layouts at the two links below. You no longer need a reservation to order either keyboard. Please check out the discussion of the project over the past few months at the below link:

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?f=50&t=26174&p=506438#p506438

I’m hoping to get the tooling completed but it will take some more months before round 2 finishes production. If you’d prefer to use a keyboard in the coming months, or you prefer the modern style design over the far heavier and bigger classic style of the forthcoming round 2, I definitely recommend round 1 if you have signed up early enough to be offered a spot.

The needed tooling is for the updated cases (will be made by CNC/laser cutting/bending process, not with a die cast mold, so there will not be extra months. New molds are currently in production for the beam plastic parts as noted before, to adjust them slightly to accommodate the presence of inner foam between the top of the beam modules and just below the top inner assembly, just like the originals. The molds are estimated to take about 6-8 weeks, starting from a few weeks ago. The foam had a definite dampening effect on the sound and made it a little closer to the originals. Due to these adjustments I would not recommend buying round 1 in order to move the modules to the round 2 case as the part of the module inside the inner assembly will not be taller but the part that sticks out on top will be about 1mm taller, so as to better lock in with the increased height needed due to the foam. Confirmed there will be holes in the bottom case to allow mounting of both the solenoid and solenoid driver, as well as holes for 4 bumpers with screws.

Apologies I still have to make the renderings for the other keyboards. The design is expected to be the same dimensions for all Round 2 keyboards, except the BSSK will chop off a few inches on the right side compared to the B104, the B62 will chop off the right block of the BSSK, and the B122 will add an extra row on top for F13-F24 and extra space on the left side for the 10 function keys, compared to the B104.

Confirmed the ultra compact design is just for the first round. This could change if there is sufficient demand for a Round 3. The good thing is it’s not too costly to make your own case since no mold might be needed – just laser cutting and bending metal. The Round 2 beam spring’s inner assembly can be put into another, more compact case design if anyone on the forums wants to manage such a project themselves. Also the modules are now available to order individually with the hope that folks can design their own keyboards.

The Round 1 product page will be marked as out of stock once the limit is reached and no more keyboards can be ordered.

For those who want to request to switch from Round 2 to Round 1, here are the steps:
Please order the keyboard and extras that you want, and choose “other payment” at checkout.
Please place a separate order of units of the store item $1 increments and choose free/other shipping at checkout, right before clicking Place Order. The quantity of $1 increments to order is the price difference between your orders.

Round 1 ultra compact case; in stock; ANSI only; limited to 150 units of each size 104-key B104 and 87-key BSSK:

Round 2 classic style case; shipping later this year; ANSI/ISO/HHKB models available; layouts include B62 (F62 style), BSSK, B104, and B122:

You can also see two new Beam Spring typing/sound test and step by step setup videos here (they are the same ones embedded on the individual beam spring product pages)

Chyros / Chyrosran22 teardown of the new beam spring switches

Many thanks to Chyros for taking a look at the new beam spring modules and doing a teardown that shows how the module works. The second half of the round 1 batch with the factory replaced beam springs arrived, so now the entire first round of beam spring keyboards is in stock. I will be replacing the other 150 or so keyboards’ springs that arrived a while back, before the spring issue was discovered.

As a note, there are no reliability issues detected from the beam spring switches that are any different from the IBM originals. My comments on the beam flippers detaching is no more or less frequent than my experience with the detachments of the IBM originals, with a note that they may detach as the keyboards are bounced around in shipping, so folks will need to set up and check their beam spring keyboard before they can start using it. The new ones do not detach more or less frequently, and can be reattached in the same manner as the originals. I did not mean to imply that the new modules are any different from the originals in terms of reliability. The only difference as Chryos pointed out is that the new modules have a slightly different sound to them, with the installed module sound being more similar with the round 2 boards than with round 1 (matching the weighting, key travel, etc. was the main focus for the beam spring project, not an exact reproduction of the sound, as mentioned in the first post on the beam spring project thread).

In my testing over the past couple years, I do not recall modules failing due to fatigue with usage, though to be safe I do expect to include a first aid kit of 4 modules with each keyboard at no additional cost (plus the option of a deluxe first aid kit with 12 modules for additional future maintenance).

Also the pricing has been finalized and the first round already finished production and is in stock, so pricing is not an unknown variable at this point.

New store items: pandrew 3178/122/AT/Unsaver controllers, trackpoint keys, and USB-C cables in additional colors

As an update I have ordered 20 assembled pandrew 3178/122/AT/Unsaver controllers plus the same number of USB C 5V pro micros, though you have to solder the pro micro itself to the pandrew controller. They are now in stock.

2 of these are for my recent 3178 Model F keyboards, of which one is for sale on the project web site.

I recently added Gray, Red, Dark Blue, and Light Blue USB-C colors to the USB cable product page.

G H B trackpoint keys, factory sublimated. The keycaps are sourced from Unicomp. The texture on these particular keys is a bit different from the other keycap textures.

I had mailed the factory some stepped 1.75U caps lock keys and GHB trackpoint keys so they could sublimate them and send them back to me – this way the legends would match the other new Model F keys. These are now in stock.

A kind email about the project

I am sharing (with permission) a kind email I received recently about the project. It serves as a great introduction to move newcomers into the world of mechanical keyboards, and specifically, the Model F. Some folks are far better at summarizing the appeal of the Model F than I am!

“I just wanted to write you an email to show how much I appreciate all the effort you put into the Model F reproduction project. I think it’s an amazing achievement, and I worry that this fact might get forgotten among the few complaints or negative feedback I’ve seen on the internet, which you’ve already done your best to address.

There is really no keyboard like the IBM 4704 you decided to bring back. Regardless of the noise pointing to the lack of F-keys and additional navcluster/numpad to fully accommodate those refusing to learn QMK and adapt to anything non-standard, I don’t think you could have chosen a better candidate. The 4kg zinc case feels and looks like no other keyboard, with its imposing presence and wide bezels reminiscent of a 60s space age movie prop, while being the perfect housing for capacitive buckling springs. The feel of these switches are amazing, and it provides a highly engaging typing experience that I would compare to the driving experience of a classic Ferrari Testarossa – manual and heavy, requiring the full involvement of its user, but rewarding with exquisite tactility and sound.

I own lots of keyboard, most of them deviating greatly from the standard, instead being tailored to optimise ergonomics and productivity. Yet I still find myself placing the 4704 onto my desk, simply to enjoy the act of typing, as it offers an experience unlike anything else, making the activity feel substantial and turning typing into a goal in and of itself.

Most keyboard enthusiasts nowadays, particularly those that spend lots of time and money on the hobby ordering and building custom keyboard parts, seek very different goals in the form of highly customisable keyboards with colourful keycaps with amusing legends, compact cases with artifical weight through attached blocks of brass, gasket-mount with silenced (through innumerable hours of modding and lubrication) MX-clone linear switches to achieve a very specific muted “thock”. To these people the Model F and similar keyboards are a curiousity and unsuitable for use – perhaps because they are too different from what they are used to. Unfortunately, markets gravitate towards demand, and therefore there are extremely few exceptions.

In comparison to these keyboards, the 4704 is a bargain at $350, considering a custom keyboard easily reaches double that while offering miniscule differences from a premium off-the-shelf keyboard for $200.

It saddens me that another keyboard on the same level as the 4704 reproduction, while still being perfectly usable for modern computing, may never exist. I acknowledge there may be no other keyboard that could fit this role better, but maybe there exists one that could do this differently, while still being at the same level? If anybody is familiar with unique typing experiences throughout keyboard history, that would be Chyrosran22 – I wonder which other keyboards he would see worthy for a revival. Likewise I’m eager to see what comes out of the beamspring reproduction project. I sincerely hope you will consider reviving a classic case, as if there’s one thing the 4704 has taught me, it’s that the case means as much as the switches. Finally, there’s that crazy guy manufacturing Symbolics 365407 Alps clones in his own house, claiming he wants to one day do it with beam/buckling springs, although his reluctance to adopt Chinese mass production means they will continue to have very limited reach.

I don’t know how you feel about unsolicited feedback, or if you’ll even find this email, but I hope it will serve as a reminder amongst the noisy reality of manufacturing a consumer product, that you have created something very grandiose and generously made it available to anyone with interest for a reasonable price. You did so without compromise and by dedicating yourself fully to it over a very long timeframe. Nobody else would have, or even could have done this, and a shame it would be if that were our reality. Thank you.”

RP2040-based Model F controller project

Rico’s new RP2040-based controller samples have arrived! Check out this great project to create an RP2040-based controller for capacitive buckling spring keyboards. A big thanks to Rico for undertaking this project. The rounded PCB traces are especially nice.

https://geekhack.org/index.php?topic=117555.0

https://www.keebtalk.com/t/the-leyden-jar-a-tentative-pcb-replacement-for-the-brand-new-model-f-keyboards/17489

We have a new key set – Quebec CSA!

Please order this set directly through the Full Key Set product page. It’s the very last option that was just added. I received several of these sets from the factory by air mail this week.

Here are some notes that I was sent:
“- This layout works only on Windows and Linux, Apple has developed its own CSA keyboard, called Canadian French ― CSA but it’s not exactly the same keyboard layout. Apple respect only partially this standard (the ligature œ is located with q for example). If you are interested I can send you another template using this layout. For now, I am interested in the Windows/Linux version.

– 4¤ and É are drawn twice because the Linux version is different and doesn’t use the € sign.

– I am interested in the F77 industrial grey with the Numpad #3 (with an arrow inside a diamond for the Enter key used in the Numpad).

– I am also a VIM user and I would like if possible a second Caps Lock key with the proper Esc pictogram, not ESC or Esc but an arrow inside a circle, it’s there in my template.

Ideas (relocate ESC key):
1) Home Row (where caps lock is, then relocate caps lock between
ctrl and alt)
2) Between ctrl and alt

Other points :

In the newest version, the ligature Œ must be printed (E key).

Also, the pictograms must be used instead of english or french labels,
same thing over the numpad.

The triangle replace the decimal separator (numpad).

– Return and Enter are pretty similar but are not exactly the same.

Enter (arrow inside a diamond) go with the numpad). Return (just the arrow pointing left) to with the alphanumeric keys.

– The pictogram “centering” with the 5 key (numpad) is now obsolete and can be skipped.”

PS/2 support on Model F Keyboards: New project by Deskthority member Arkku

See here for additional details:

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?f=50&t=11046&p=506444#p506444

USB PID code has been granted

There was discussion about obtaining a unique USB PID code for the controller. I have now obtained the code 4704
https://pid.codes/1209/4704/

This code is for all open source xwhatsit controller projects and derivatives; permission is not needed from me to use the code for any such purpose.

A great Model F history resource; the last production line Model F keyboards made from all new parts

If they do not know already, I wanted to let folks know of a great Model F history resource in addition to the Deskthority wiki – lots of great photos and information: https://sharktastica.co.uk/wiki?id=modelf

I am wondering which person has photos of among the last production line Model F keyboards made from all new parts, if they have labels of all the various dated components in the board (the WWYY of the controller or capacitive PCB, labels on cables, the case bottom label, etc.). Some F107s formerly in my collection I believe had everything dated 1990; personally I have not seen any all 1991 Model F keyboards. Shark has noted a 1992 Unsaver, as well as 1994-made (or refurbed?) 5291s: http://kishy.ca/?p=1606 As shark notes on the wiki site, Lexmark did refurbish keyboards well into the 1990s, as late as 1996. I can confirm several of my F107s had controllers and capacitive PCBs with production dates of 1996 while the rest of the keyboards clearly had components dated in the prior decade, including the F107’s metal cases.

Injection molds are in production for additional key sizes PC AT, ISO Enter non-stepped, and Code key

Please sign the interest form linked below to reserve your non-stepped ISO Enter, Code key, and PC AT enter keys 

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1vsamkl_jOqp6wAEfZGeivQZ8ZaibpoT0WQkDG39r08Q/edit

I ordered the non-stepped ISO Enter, Code key, and PC AT enter key molds, so we will be able to have pad printed black keys as well as dye sublimated non-stepped ISO Enter in international language options too.

The first 3d printed sample keys for the PC AT style enter, code key, and non-stepped ISO Enter key were produced last August (shown in the first photo below). The production units are all injection molded of course – I do not use any 3d printed parts for anything in the shop. I have ordered the wheelwriter style code key and wheelwriter-style PC AT enter key; this key should be backwards compatible if you use the new horizontal insert (I am not making the old rectangle style insert/post as this key is not an exact reproduction of the PC AT’s enter key which appears to have been designed before the latest stabilizer insert design was finalized. This PC AT enter key has no wire stabilizer, a standard horizontal key style post on the bottom left barrel, and no post on the top, same as on the wheelwriter. The code key closely reproduces the wheelwriter version as well.

This video shows the CNC milling in progress for the new mold for the 3 new keys: non-stepped ISO Enter, Code key, and PC AT Big Enter. The keys will be available in all new Model F project colors.

Below are some photos showing the new key and beam spring module molds currently being made at the factory

Below are the very first injection molded samples of these parts, which do not yet have the production colors.

Here’s a nice video someone sent me showing off the pen holder and solenoid on the F77

Some more nice keyboard photos

Here’s another great keyboard photo – this time of the new dark blue ultra compact F77 keyboard with the new production unprinted dark gray keys. Posting with permission.

Posting with permission another nice setup – an ultra compact case F62 with dark gray keycaps.

Posting, with permission, another nice and unique setup, this time of the F62 classic style keyboard in Industrial Gray, with a customized split right shift layout.

Another nice F77 classic case setup, sharing with permission. I had to share it as it features my favorite pen. I’ve been using Pilot Precise V5’s for over 20 years.

Posting with permission a nice F77 Industrial Gray photo sent to me. The UK layout customizations include HHKB style split right shift, UK front printed keys and some blue Esc and cursor keys.

The unique cable is from https://cablelab.co.uk/

An Ultra Compact F77 with JIS keycaps from Unicomp (the top keyboard in the photo):

Here’s a nice photo (posted with permission) of an F122 with custom legend keycaps:

The first image below shows a custom right side block, while the other shows the F77 with Industrial SSK 12 key set and the F1-F12 front printed keys. Glad to share both of these images as I have not seen too many photos of these customized layouts.

Posting (with permission) one of the newer ultra compact case colors – Off-White/Beige, a color more common to the classic style cases.

This keyboard features Meta and Super keys, which along with the Hyper key, are often used with Linux and Lisp / Space Cadet according to the link below.

https://askubuntu.com/questions/19558/what-are-the-meta-super-and-hyper-keys

Here are two F77 classic case style keyboards from the same person, with a customized German layout including the Industrial SSK 12 key set, German front print F1-F12, and keys from Unicomp: 1.5 Fn centered, Windows, and yellow WASD. Posting with permission.

AZERTY Model F with customized right side block

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=510172#p510172

Some additional follow up on another nice modification from the user who modified their keyboard. Sharing (with permission) photos of the latest status of the keyboard and a description of the steps taken for this mod:

“There are three parts to turning a BNMF into replica Model 300. The keys, the labels, and the cable. Ordering a beige case, the new 4704 keys, and the relegendable keys is an obvious first step. You will then need to source the characteristic stepped modifiers as well as others. They can all be found on the IBM 3180 keyboard. The model M variant is part number 1390238. It seems to be rare but not overpriced.

For the labels I printed out the provided scan of original 4700 key labels and yellowed the paper with watered down coffee. After it dried, I used my IBM Wheelwriter with 12pt Courier to type some of the legends.

The cable is spliced: USB-C , DB9, USB-A. Sacrifice the USB-C end of a charging cable (or in my case the original cable my model F came with) and splice it with any 4 of the 9 cables inside the DB9. Order USB-A terminal parts and splice those on. Check the pins!

Next, get a serial hood and DB9 connector terminals. You need to melt all the plastic and pins out the connector terminals with a soldering iron. The USB-A end will then fit through it. I used hot glue to seal them together; be sure it sticks out enough to fit securely into a variety of ports. Fit your improvised serial plug inside its plastic housing. Align everything carefully and test that it works; once you stuff the housing with glue it will not open. If done right, your cable should be as beefy as the model F itself. For reference, the weight of my keyboard exceeds 9 pounds with this cable.

After this you will have a BNMF that looks as close to a Model 300 as you can get! If you are like me though, looking the part is not enough. Sadly I did not add a beeper and volume knob; the parts were more than I wanted to spend, but using VIA I did program the machine to work like a typical IBM keyboard of the time.

The function key swaps between three layers. For reference, FN is the right blank key, and left control is Reset. FN + LAlt activates alphanumeric mode: the right-side block types what it says. There is no numlock key so it is stuck in this mode until reset. FN + RAlt disables all keys except those needed to reset the keyboard. FN+ Reset resets the keyboard to its default layer. In this layer the right block becomes a nav cluster.

Beyond these modes, the FN key can be combined with tab to press End, or PD2 for Home. FN+ backspace presses left arrow. FN+ the “Test, Cursor, Blink” keys do those tricky CTRL+ALT+DEL style shortcuts. Finally, right control is enter, PD2 is backtab, PD3 is another enter key. There is no escape key unless you press FN+ `. Although it might not sound so this is a comfortable layout because each key does what it says for the most part.”

This board has some of the new Extra Keys (some of which recently arrived from the factory: terminal, 4704, Icons, Extras, num pad/right side blocks, front printing), as well as some customized transparent relegendable keys, which allow you to print graphics for both the top and front of the key so you can have a custom key with custom front printing for multi-functionality.

This may be one of the first photos I’ve seen with a near-original 4704-style configuration!

Here are some details on the fonts used:
“most the numbers are whatever font IBM used. It looks like Public Sans though. The period is Public Sans too. Fira Code for the two slashed zeros, after seeing a picture of a model M style macro pad with that on. Finally, my Wheelwriter uses Prestige Elite at 12 cpi. That’s what all the VISA CREDIT stuff is written in. All the words [on the relgendables] are Prestige Elite. I typed it manually on my wheelwriter.”

Several additional nice customizations posted on the Deskthority forum project thread

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=510672#p510672

Fourth container shipment update: this final round shipment was delivered in October

We are moving into the final round. The final round left the factory in August and arrived in October – this one has the other ~150 beam keyboards too, as part of the 300 keyboards of the first beam spring keyboard production round. For the final round I ordered all variations of the keyboards and accessories in advance, based on the proportion of each variation ordered over the past couple years, so that everyone will likely be waiting only weeks for their keyboards as opposed to longer. However costs are far higher across the board (!) so please expect pricing to be higher for these keyboards if you are not planning on ordering in the near future. Only some of the boxes are visible in the below photos but it was a full 40′ container.

The second half of the round 1 batch with the factory repaired beam springs arrived. I will be replacing the other 150 or so keyboards’ springs that arrived a while back, before the spring issue was discovered. Of course if anyone wants to skip the line and replace the springs themselves that will also be an option (I expect to post a video).

You may see in the photos below that the new classic style zinc case F77s are in the smaller packaging, removing the styrofoam and saving about 40% of box volume, allowing many more keyboards to fit in the same space. The styrofoam is still present on the F62 zinc case boards from this batch, as they made extras of these.

I ordered lots of extras (first aid kits, inner foam, solenoid drivers and solenoids, key sets, custom keys, etc.) so feel free to pick up some of these items while they are still available.

The final round changes are around the packaging only. F77 classic case box sizes are reduced by about 40% and the styrofoam original-style packaging has been replaced with the newer foam style of the ultra compact cases. The factory has too much F62 styrofoam still in inventory (the styrofoam mold makes both f62 and f77 at the same time and there were more 77’s ordered than 62’s) so you’ll still get that for the classic style F62 keyboards. The boxes still have the same artwork and double-walled construction quality.

Pad Printed Model F / Model M keys update

In October I purchased the giant pad printing machine for the factory to use on the pad printed black keys. This machine was not easy to find as most pad printing machines cannot print an entire key set at one time, so I believe the machine is being custom manufactured and adjusted by the factory.

A reminder to please sign the interest form below if interested in pad printed black keys in various languages, if you have not done so already:

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1873Q9wJFyNvJ4-TEBN6P9JbzaVxErbNd-h4XtN1DfNk/edit

Beam Spring module sound comparison

As noted before, the beam spring project is designed to reproduce the performance and functionality (weighting, travel distance, module specifications) of the originals but with some updates (shortened the two plastic parts of the beam module without altering the travel distance); the sound is not going to be similar to the originals for the first production run because of the design changes (no added foam above the modules, no rubber below, no thick case, etc.). The modules themselves sound close in my opinion but the goal of the project is not an exact sound reproduction.

Here’s a sound comparison of an original module and a new module – this is just one module of each so it will likely not represent what each module will sound like, and it especially does not represent what the installed keyboard sounds like (more test videos with the full keyboard will be made later).

Nope there will be no plastic cases. I’m hoping the beam modules will be interchangeable but I have not yet received the new beam case sample to confirm this. All the cases will be powdercoated aluminum or steel (sorry no more extra heavy zinc!).

Here are some nice floss mod and solenoid videos on YouTube – good quality sound!

Some more spring research tidbits

Adjusting the distance between the bottom of the spring and the bottom of the nub of the flipper can oftentimes eliminate buzzing of the spring. Sometimes it’s too much distance; wiggling a fingernail in between to widen things can eliminate the buzz. In other examples, moving the spring downwards can fix things. That’s why removing and reseating a spring can remove the buzz sound from the spring because it happens to be in a different distance with each installation.

I also had some experiments done with a low number of hours in salt spray testing to see if the springs could be corroded and/or artificially aged. Even with the springs left in for the full amount of the test (~10 hours or so – not enough for full testing) the new production springs did not visibly corrode. Unfortunately there was no benefit to this artificial aging in terms of sound quality (though maybe the test was too brief) so no springs will be offered with this option.

A note on the abundance of technical discussion and setup topics on the forums

You are seeing much discussion of issues on the project thread this year due to me shipping a couple thousand keyboards in recent months. It’s nice to receive a note that all is well, but most folks only email/post if there is an issue. If several dozen out of 3,000+ folks are posting with issues that does not indicate mass quality control improvements needed. All of the most common issues are fully addressed in the manual. The top issues are spring adjustment issues, keys that break in the mail and occasionally issues with the controller soldering or a flipper that gets stuck and needs to be moved into place. As opposed to the originals, the end user needs to install the keys and adjust some springs if necessary, which is different from the IBM days when everything was fully installed and tested, driven to the business or computer store by truckers and not by mail for the most part, and just had to be plugged in to start using. Unfortunately the project does not have the economies of scale or time to install all of the key sets as discussed on the project thread; it would add so many variations (dozens of variations multiplied by over a dozen common key sets) and would have added additional months of delay due to installation time.

I would not say that the springs are lighter on the new Model F as they are the same weighting and specifications as the originals. The lightness may be due to the corrosion of the original springs affecting the weight of the IBM originals, combined with the reproductions being new and without all the gunk that clogs up an original (I find the originals to be smoother and lighter after an ultrasonic bath of the plastic components and some alcohol scrubbing of the barrels). Also many folks may not have had access to dozens of original IBM Model F keyboards as I have in my collection over the years – the spring weighting did vary a bit even between examples of the same part number. New F’s may be lighter than some original F’s and heavier than other originals.

The new Model F keyboards are not buy at your own risk. They are covered by a limited warranty. If a component is damaged and covered under the limited warranty then it will be repaired or replaced. The project philosophy statement in the manual explains why there is no service contract option with a full staff to handle returns, exchanges, repairs, technical support, etc. and instead keeping the keyboard as low a cost as possible, about half what IBM charged (adjusted for inflation). There is an emphasis on teaching everyone to be able to set up and maintain their new Model F keyboards long after the project is done, so that they can hopefully use it for decades to come.

I strongly recommend reading the manual fully before doing anything. The manual notes that in the event of some keys on the edges touch the case and get stuck, you just need to loosen the 4 case screws and slide the inner assembly over, as it likely moved out of position slightly during shipping. Also check to make sure the 2 inner assembly plates are fully making contact, as shown in a photo in the manual with the circled parts in red. If not, moving the inner assembly will not fix the issue.

Flippable Model F feet

Here is a recommendation from Deskthority member clickclack on flippable Model F feet. “Esc Flip Keyboard Stand”

https://deskthority.net/viewtopic.php?p=507699#p507699

Solid advice from some forum members – further details on the wiggle method

“pelletik wrote: October 5th, 2022
My enter key binds or sticks. I read the owners manual several times. The stabilizing insert is pushed all the way that it’s flush to the barrel. The ears are left and right. I pulled a enter key off of a model m and installed it in my F77. The model m enter key works in my F77 and does not bind. I think I have a bad enter key. Does anyone have any suggestions to get the enter key to not bind? It’s the only key that I am having an issue with.

pveentjer wrote: October 6th, 2022

I also had a problem with binding keys like enter and shift. What helped to reduce the binding a lot is to pull off the key. Flip the key and you will see 2 parts sticking out; one is the stabilizer pin which you can ignore. The other part that sticks out has 2 legs. Grab these 2 legs ‘high’ between your thumb and index finger so that the keycap is very close to your skin and give it 30/40 good squeezes and try the key on the keyboard. It could be you need a few rounds of squeezing to get rid of most of the binding.

The binding went from ‘totally unacceptable’ to ‘barely noticeable. Only when you hit the key completely off center (furthest away from where you are normally hitting the key), I can feel binding with the shift; with the enter it is no problem at all.”

Spring length experimentation

With permission I am quoting someone’s interesting experimentation to adjust the spring length and add o rings to the keys, and some questions for everyone:

“I am working on an ergonomics-motivated modification to reduce key travel on the Model F. As part of the process, I have to stretch the springs by just the right amount to move the actuation point closer to the top of the keystroke. This is a pretty tedious and error-prone process, and once over-stretched, I find it difficult to compress the springs again without introducing buzz, so I am going through a lot of springs this way. For my purposes, the ideal spring length is 18.75mm, as measured by my Vernier calipers.”

My reply: During my R&D, I actually ordered 2 batches of springs slightly longer than my current batch, 18.475mm and 18.5 mm. [note 9/7/22 I still have more than 160 springs available of each type if anyone’s interested – please PM or email me]

Replying to me: “I just installed the new springs in a couple of keys that were giving me some issues, and I am happy to report that the longer springs work really well. They require just a very gentle stretch to work with 0.4mm EPDM O-rings around the stem (a trick carried over from the Cherry MX world — see attached). This reduces vertical key travel a bit and makes the keyboard a little easier on the tendons. I am somewhat curious to see how much more I can reduce it, but that is a task for another day when I have more free time. For now this already makes a huge difference in comfort.

What other ergonomics tricks are you aware of with the F62/F77? One of the things I really struggle with is the height of the thing. I built up a temporary palm/wrist rest out of an existing one and some cut pieces of a mouse pad stacked on top of one another to form a gentle slope toward the middle. This helps with using the space bar without making my thumb tendons too angry and the slight “hill” in the middle takes some load off of the pisiform bone when resting the hands. I made a thread with some ideas here. I am curious to see how others solved similar problems.”

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